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Monday 2 March 2015

(4th edited)Most common diseases of Elders- Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): TCM herbal Huang Qi(Astragalus) treatments of Dementia Caused by Kidney Jing Depletion

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By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


                      Diseases of Central Nervous system


                           Dementia


About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)

Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (*)
C.5.  According to TCM philosophy, dementia is also to be induced by the combination/or of Kidney essence vacuity and toxin (turbid phlegm).
C.5.2. Dementia due to aging depletion of Kidney Essence
Aging related to gradual lost of kidney essence effects the bone and bone marrow in production of red blood cells causes of nutrient and oxygen deficiency in the brain in induction of symptoms of dementia(1311)(1312).


4. Huang qi(Astragalus)
Huang qi, the slightly sweet herb, is also known as astragalus root used in traditional Chinese medicine as immune stimulant(1339)(1342)(1343), tonic(1339)(1344), antioxidant(1339)(1341), hepatoprotectant(1339)(1345)(1346), diuretic(1339), antidiabetic(1339)(1347)(1348), anticancer(1339)(1349)(1350)(1351), expectoran(1339)(1352) and antibiotics(1340) agents and to lessen proteinuria in chronic kidney diseases(1353)(1354), lower blood pressure(1355)(1356) and endothelial dysfunction(1356),  improve endurance and protect liver against diseases(1357)(1358),... by enhancing the functions of lung and spleen channels(1359).

Phytochemicals 
1. Astralagus menbranaceus
2. Astragaloside I
3. Astragaloside II
4. Daucosterol
5. Beta-sitosterol
6. Palmitic acid
7. Astragalus saponin A,B,C
8. Astramenbrangenin
9. Etc.

Huang qi(Astragalus root) used in the treatment of symptoms of dementia(1360)(1261))(1362)(1362), including Alzheimer's pathophysiology(1363) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemical astragalosides (AST) and extracts(1365)(1363) in oxidative stress inhibition(1363) and anti progression associated to neuronal cell apoptosis(1363) through inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity(1364), level glucocorticoids (GCs) and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide deposition(1367) and decreasing the expression level of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus(1365)(1366), ROS generation and neurotoxicity(1368)(1369). 

4.1. In learning and memory
Polysaccharides (APS), isolated from Astragalus, in aging female SD rats model, according to  the open-field test and the Morris water maze task, improved  learning and memory functions of aged rats through up-regulation in the hippocampus neural protein expression(1370). In rats induced neurologic damage of hippocampus by electromagnetic field (EMF) acute or chronic irradiation, Chinese medicine diet (CMD) comprised ferulic acid, ginsenoside, astragalus polysaccharide and rhodiola sachalinensis, showed to protect the impaired learning and memory, the neuron apoptosis, through ameliorating superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)(1371). In intermittent hypoxia-induced hippocampal neurons impairment rats, astragaloside IV, astragaloside II and astragaloside I, the main compounds in Astragalus extract inhibited the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, decreased the expression of protein level involved imapir learning and memory(1372). According to Anhui Medical University, learning and memory impairments and neurons' apoptosis induced by glucocorticoids in 12-month-old male mice model, extract of Astragalus, improved learning and memory impairments and prevented  neuronal cell apoptosis, through increased immunohistochemistry demonstration in hippocampus and neocortex and decreased activity of mitochondrial death pathway causes of neron cell death(1373).

4.2. In Alzheimer's and Parkinson disease 
Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and stress-level glucocorticoids correlated with dementia progression have shown to associated to  the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease(1374)(1375). Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), one of the major active constituents of Astragalus and extract of Astragalus, prevented Aβ1-42-induced neuron cell apoptosis, and ROS generation(1374) and down regulate the protein level builds up as Alzheimer's disease progresses, involved degeneration of hippocampus (CA1, CA3) and neocortex(1375).
According to Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Astragalus, one of the herb used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment neuro degenerative diseases showed to modulate multiple key events or signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of PD(1376), probably through its phytochemical Astragaloside IV in promoted neurite outgrowth and increased  immunoreactive of dopaminergic neurons caused by ROS(1377).

4.3. In neuroprotective effects 
In experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage induced early brain injury rat model, Astragaloside IV, exerted its antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects(1378)(1379), against increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level, neuronal apoptosis and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)(1378). Myelophil, a combination of extracts isolated from Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, in brain dysfunctions animal model, also exhibited its anti oxidative stress, ROS activity through attenuated total glutathione (GSH) content, and the activities of GSH-reductase, GSH-S-transferase via ameliorated protein and gene expression(1380) and inflammation and regulating stress hormones(1381).



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Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton.


References
(1311) https://books.google.ca/books?id=oea9BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA70&lpg=PA70&dq=Kidney+Essence+and+aging+dementia&source=bl&ots=tOfAsR-Vrk&sig=hvLIdsWGFNBy2hDoeuB5YvIPQlU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QcjsVKSiKoeeyASu4oHACg&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Kidney%20Essence%20and%20aging%20dementia&f=false
(1312) https://books.google.ca/books?id=bL4X1HiasqEC&pg=PA292&lpg=PA292&dq=Kidney+Essence+and+dementia+symptoms&source=bl&ots=zWx7MfG8r2&sig=5RFsTGmdj_6T3gJNWe0iHD5ww0Y&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tsnsVK6UMoekyASFhoDoBg&ved=0CFgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Kidney%20Essence%20and%20dementia%20symptoms&f=false
(1339) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25087616
(1340) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24710996
(1341) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24456824
(1342) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25669325
(1343) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21856398
(1344) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25690295
(1345) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25435153
(1346) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25415237
(1347) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23049681
(1348) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24863354
(1349) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25319833
(1350) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22992293
(1351) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24026428
(1352) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25690295
(1353) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137839
(1354) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25335553
(1355) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22350214
(1356) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21555978
(1357) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25551689
(1358) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24933224
(1359) http://alternativehealing.org/huang_qi.htm
(1360) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12971399
(1361) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15346617
(1362) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7893391
(1363) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21538932
(1364) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8155947
(1365) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20506830
(1366) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24956824
(1367) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22484447
(1368) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905226
(1369) http://www.medsci.org/v11p1073.htm
(1370) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25272845 
(1371) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24175560 
(1372) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23595393 
(1373) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21538932 
(1374) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905226
(1375) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21538932
(1376) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23266574
(1377) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19409437
(1378) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25136262
(1379) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24724856
(1380) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24690775
(1381) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23665312

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