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By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and
researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written
and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles,
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karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as
international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia,
and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is
the loss of mental ability that is severe enough to interfere with
people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of
dementia in aging people. American typical diet contains high amount of
saturated and trans fat, artificial ingredients with less fruits and
vegetable which can lead to dementia and other kind of diseases.
VI. Treatments
Depending to the causes of disease, most medication are to control the symptoms
B. Multi-infarct dementia
Also known as vascular dementia, is the second most common form of
dementia after Alzheimer's disease in older adults between ages of 60
and 75(571), caused by different
mechanisms all resulting in vascular lesions in the brain(572)(573)
with prevalence of major depression, depressed mood/anhedonia, and
subjective and neurovegetative symptoms of depression(574).
II. Treatments of Multi-infarct dementia
There are no treatments which can reverse the damage to the brain caused
by small strokes(575), but the goal of the treatment is to control the
symptoms and reduce the risk factors to prevent future strokes(576) by
prescribed medicine to make the blood thinner to reduce the risk blood
clot causes of future stroke.
A. Medication
1. Plavix
Plavix tablets is
rescription-only medicine with function of keeping blood platelets from
sticking together and forming clots(577) to prevent blood clotted
causes of future stroke(579). In some cases, it is used conjunction with
aspirin(578).
b. Side effects are not limit to
The most common side effects of Plavix (occurring in more than 2
percent of people and more often in the group taking Plavix) include:
b.1. Constipation
b.2. Diarrhea
b.3. Dizziness
b.4. Headache
b.5. Heartburn
b.6. Joint or muscle pain
b.7. Nausea and vomiting
b.8. Etc.
A sudden choking feeling, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and itchy
mouth had been reported in patient taking clopidogrel 75 mg combined
with 100 mg acetylsalicylic acid once daily, and metoprolol tartrate 50
mg twice daily(580)
2. Antipsychotics (olanzapine, quetiapine)
a. Antipsychotic drugs effectively treat psychosis caused by a variety
of conditions including dementia(581). Psychotic symptoms are
classified as either positive or negative. Positive symptoms include
hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, bizarre or disorganized
behavior(582). Negative symptoms include anhedonia, flattened affect,
apathy, and social withdrawal(583).
b. Side effects are not limit to
In most cases, adverse effects are usually dose dependent and influenced by patient characteristics, including age and gender(584).
b.1. Constipation,
b.2. Dry mouth and
b.3. Blurred vision
b.4. Sleepiness and slowness
b.5. Weight gain
b.6. Stiffness and shakines
b.7. Hormone change
b.8. Diabetes
b.9. Etc.
3. Serotonin-affecting drugs (trazodone, buspirone, or fluoxetine)
a. Precursor amino acids (PAA)of the neurotransmitters serotonin and
dopamine showed clinical and psychologic improvement with conflict
results(585)
b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Diarrhea
b.2. Drowsiness
b.3. Nausea,
b.4. Vomiting and agitation(585)
4. Anti anticonvulsant
Anti anticonvulsant, clonazepam
has shown to control logorrhea, hyperactivity, agitation,
intrusiveness, and impulsive violence and to promote cooperation in
patient with multi-infarct dementia, according to East Carolina University School of Medicine(586).
b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Dizziness
b.2. Drowsiness
b.3. Unsteadiness
b.4. Nausea
b.5. Vomiting
b.6. Skin rashes
b.7. Etc.
5. Rivastigmine, is a cholinergic agent used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia(587)
a. On cognitive function, rivastigmine, at dosages approved for
therapeutic use showed to improve all behavioral symptoms in 2 forms of
VaD, MID and sVaD(590), except delusions, according to University of
Trieste(588). The medicine, unfortunately, has been reported to induce
side effects that lead to withdrawal in a significant proportion of
patients(589).
b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Nausea and vomiting
b.2. Loss of appetite
b.3. Weight loss
b.4. Diarrhea
b.4. Dizziness
b.5. Drowsiness
b.6. Trembling
b.7. Etc.
B. Surgery
In case of sensory problems, surgery can be helpful.
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Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
References
(571) http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/multi_infarct_dementia/multi_infarct_dementia.htm
(572) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22705146
(573) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22164676
(574) http://jgp.sagepub.com/content/8/2/96.abstract
(575) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3046450
(576) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21365068
(577) http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0601/p2335.html
(578) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25547900
(579) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25507889
(580) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4203606/
(581) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23896958
(582) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21543954
(583) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23472837
(584) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17927296
(585) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/301148
(586) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3252876
(587) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23684446
(588) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18184948
(589) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23728651
(590) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15846730
Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of
50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia -
Treatments by Kyle J. Norton
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