By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over
10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on
line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base,
healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily,
etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by
Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington
Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as
international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Diseases of Central Nervous system
Dementia
About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia,
and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is
the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's
every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia
in aging people.
VI. Treatments
Depending to the causes of disease, most medication are to control the symptoms
C. Dementia associated with Parkinson's disease
Parkinson disease (PD)
is a disabling, progressive condition induced symptoms of olfactory deficit,
sleep problems such as rapid eye movement behaviour disorder,
constipation and the more recently described male erectile dysfunction(456), due
to the interruption of frontal-subcortical loops facilitated
cognition and parallel the motor loop(457).
Contrary to common perception, many non-motor symptoms (NMS) also link to early onset of PD(459) and some may even predate the diagnosis
of PD based on motor signs(458).
C.1. Treatments of Dementia Associated with Parkinson's Disease
Treatments are depending to the degree of functional and cognitive impairment, according to the suggestion of the
Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Task Force on Evidence-Based Medicine
(EBM)(480) and Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the
American Academy of Neurology(488)
1. Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease
a. Tricyclic antidepressants nortriptyline(459) and desipramine(460) for the
treatment of depression or depressive symptoms
b. Macrogol for the
treatment of constipation(461)
c. Methylphenidate(462) and modafinil(463) for the treatment
of fatigue
d. Amantadine for the treatment of pathological gambling(464)(465)
e. Donepezil(466)(467), galantamine(468), and memantine(470) for the treatment of dementia
f. Quetiapine(471)(472) for the treatment of psychosis
g. Fludrocortisone(473)(474) and
domperidone(475)(476) for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension
h. Sildenafil(477)(478) for
the treatment of erectile dysfunction
i. Ipratropium bromide spray(479)for
the treatment of sialorrhea
j. Levodopa/carbidopa controlled release (CR)(481),
pergolide(482), eszopiclone(483)(484), melatonin(485) 3 to 5 mg and melatonin 50 mg for the
treatment of insomnia
k. Modafinil(486)(487) for the treatment of excessive
daytime sleepiness
C.2. Treatments for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease
According to the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Task Force on Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Review of Treatments for Parkinson's Disease
(PD) was first published in 2002 and was updated in 2005 to cover
clinical trial data up to January 2004 with the treatments on motor symptoms
of PD(489), including
a. Piribedil(490)(491), pramipexole(491), pramipexole extended release(492)(493), ropinirole(491),
rotigotine(494), cabergoline(491), and pergolide(491) were all efficacious as symptomatic monotherapy
b. Ropinirole prolonged release(495) was likely
efficacious as a symptomatic adjunct therapy
c. Prevention/delay of motor fluctuations, pramipexole(496) and cabergoline(497)
were efficacious
d. Prevention/delay of dyskinesia, pramipexole(498),
ropinirole(499), ropinirole prolonged release(500), and cabergoline(501) were all
efficacious, whereas pergolide(502) was likely efficacious.
e. Duodenal infusion
of levodopa(502)(503) was likely efficacious in the treatment of motor
complications, but the practice implication is investigational.
f. Rasagiline conclusions were revised to efficacious
as a symptomatic adjunct(504), and as treatment for motor fluctuations(505).
g. Bilateral subthalamic
nucleus deep brain stimulation(506), bilateral globus pallidus stimulation(507),
and unilateral pallidotomy(508) were updated to efficacious for motor
complications.
h. Physical therapy(509)was revised to likely efficacious as
symptomatic adjunct therapy.
C.3. Side effects
Most
conventional medicine induced certain side effecta. If you are taken
any of these medicine, please consult your doctor. You also can search
them from respectable sources. Here are some examples.
a,
Macrogol(Allergic reaction (rash, itching, shortness of breath) Changes
in your body's fluid or electrolyte levels (swollenankles, other
swelling, fatigue, dehydration, increased thirst with headache)
Abdominalpain. Mild diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting. Swollen abdomen)(510).
b. Methylphenidate
(stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite; vision problems,
dizziness, mild headache; sweating, mild skin rash; numbness, tingling,
or cold feeling in your hands or feet; nervous feeling, sleep problems
(insomnia); or. weight loss)(511).
c. Modafinil
(Black, tarry stools, blurred vision or other vision changes, chest
pain, chills or fever, clumsiness or unsteadiness, confusion,
dizziness or fainting, increased thirst and urination, mental
depression, problems with memory, rapidly changing moods, shortness of
breath, sore throat, trembling or shaking, trouble in urinating,
uncontrolled movements of the face, mouth, or tongue unusual
bleeding or bruising and unusual tiredness or weakness)(512).
d. Etc.
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References (456) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000771.htm
(456) http://www.helpguide.org/elder/parkinsons_disease.htm
(457) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17726913
(458) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20642073
(459) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18787880
(460) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11481130
(461) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25310742
(462) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22208450
(463) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20687121
(464) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23205015
(465) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20687121
(466) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25514999
(467) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16437430
(468) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25478019
(469) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24035407
(470) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24993765
(471) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25151200
(472) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17606657
(473) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17557339
(474) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479834
(475) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4005867
(476) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2939412
(477) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25486996
(478) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15509203
(479) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17876852
(480) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021174
(481) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9617717
(482) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15453556
(483) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25454802
(484) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20175406
(485) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11828891
(486) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17708127
(487) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16142993
(488) http://www.neurology.org/content/74/11/924.full
(489) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021173
(490) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10895396
(491) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11978145
(492) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22500116
(493) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25385556
(494) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20123557
(495) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25495896
(496) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23861646
(497) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17941456
(498) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24834511
(499) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10816186
(500) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24399580
(501) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24547918
(502) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6932044
(503) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17630819
(504) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23250679
(505) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25322951
(506) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25345997
(507) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11254768
(508) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11606671
(509) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14628395
(510) http://drugs.webmd.boots.com/drugs/drug-284-Macrogol+Compound+Npf.aspx
(511) http://www.rxlist.com/ritalin-side-effects-drug-center.htm
(512) http://www.drugs.com/sfx/modafinil-side-effects.html
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