(Preview) Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system - The Complications of Dementia

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         Diseases of Central Nervous system

                           Dementia


About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

V. The Symptoms and Complications
B. The Complications
 According to physical complications of patients with dementia occurred in ward in the 12 months from April 2007 to March 2008 recorded in Ichinomiya City Hospital, Ichinomiya, the physical complications can be divided into two categories: (i) serious emergencies occurring in the ward with a possible high risk of mortality within a few days (e.g. pneumonia and upper airway obstruction); and (ii) life-threatening complications arising in the ward that required diagnosis and treatment by specialists from other medical departments (e.g. bone fracture and cancer)(202).
1. Pneumonia
 Pneumonia is common among patients with advanced dementia, especially toward the end of life, due to microbial  inffection, according to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center(203).

2. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) 
The prevalence of OSAS increased with aging, occurring in up to 25% of older adults and up to 48% in patients with Alzheimer's disease, showed to induce symptoms of hypoxia, fragmented sleep, daytime sleepiness, cognitive dysfunction, functional decline, and brain damage, due to reduced cerebral blood flow, ischemic brain lesions, microvascular reactivity, white matter lesions, and grey matter loss(204)

3. Bone fracture
Bone mass and dementia in elderly hip fracture patients may be associated to levels of different aluminium concentrations in water supplies in the areas affecting the negative calcium balance of age-related osteoporosis together predispose to senile dementia.(205)

4. Urinary incontinence
 Urinary incontinence is a common problem in dementia. Almost invariably, the person with dementia will develop incontinence as the disease progresses. However, the primary reasons for incontinence are often not because of any significant pathology in the urinary system. Rather, it is due to factors outside the urinary system, including insertion of tube in assisting urinary flow(206)

5. Venous thromboembolism
 Venous thromboembolism (VTE), caused by a blood clot breaking loose and traveling in the blood, in patients with dementia had a high incidence of fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) and fatal bleeding, according to the study of 37988 patients with 1316 (3.5%) having dementia(207).

6. Etc. 
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References
(202) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20377817
(203) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20625013
(204) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20739254
(205) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3239502
(206) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16642241
(207) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22374336