Women's Health - Premenstrual syndrome(PMS): The Adverse effects of Salt(Revised edition with references)

By Kyle J. Norton 
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

 Premenstrual syndrome is defined as faulty function of the ovaries related to the women's menstrual cycle, effected over 70% to 90% of women in the US and lesser for women in Southeast Asia because of difference in living style and social structure. The syndrome also interferes women's physical and emotional states, and daily activities as a result of hormone fluctuation and occurs one to two weeks before menstruation and then declines when the period starts.

1. Water retention
 Women with PMS are found to have low levels of potassium, increasing intake of sodium (salt)may enhance the abnormal function of pituitary gland(1) and lymphatic function(2)(3)causing  breast tenderness and water retention accordingly.

2. Adrenaline hormone
High sodium diet, increases the risk of over production of adrenaline hormone(4) effecting levels of blood sugar(5) in triggering more symptoms of PMS(6).

4. High blood pressure
High sodium diet for a prolong period of time causes high blood pressure(7), causes hydration and stiffness of the vascular wall(8) that interfere with the function of our in regulating the blood flow in the arteries and transport nutrients for brain health(9), leading nervous tension such as mood swing, anxiety and physical and emotional stress for some women with PMS.


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References
(1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_gland(wikipedia)
(2) [Regulation of the interstitial fluid volume]. [Article in Japanese] by  Kawahara K1, Yasuoka Y, Kawada H.(PubMed)
(3) Impairment of lymphatic function in women with gynoid adiposity and swelling syndrome by L'Hermitte F1, Behar A, Pariès J, Cohen-Boulakia F, Attali JR, Valensi P.(PubMed)
(4) Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride by Graudal NA¹, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G.(PubMed)
(5) Study on blood glucose concentration in patients with diabetes undergoing dental extraction under local anesthesia with and without adrenaline by Haji IU¹, Siddiq M, Rao S, Rai G, Hiregoudar JS, Pitale U.(PubMed)
(6) [Correlation between neurotransmitters and neurosteroids and premenstrual syndrome patients of Gan-yang ascending syndrome and Gan-qi stagnation syndrome].[Article in Chinese] by Gao H¹, Xia T, Qiao MQ.(PubMed)
(7) Sodium intake and hypertension by Karppanen H¹, Mervaala E.(PubMed)
(8) Sodium in blood vessels. A brief review by Friedman SM.(PubMed)
(9) Nutrients and brain health: an overview by Spencer JP.(PubMed)