Endometriosis: The Good, Bad and Side effects of oral contraceptive pill(revised edition with references)

By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc,.
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Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

During the last stage of the menstrual cycle, normally a layer of endometriosis lining on the inside of the uterus is expelled, known as menstruation blood, instead some of the endometriosis tissues grow somewhere in the body to cause endometriosis. Endometriosis also react to hormone signals of the monthly menstrual cycle, by building and breaking up tissues and eliminating them through menstrual period.

The oral contraceptive pill is defined as one type of birth control pill containing both estrogen and progesterone that helps to control unwanted pregnancy and reducing symptoms of abdominal pain before, during or after menstrual cycle such as endometriosis, premenstrual symptoms etc.

The pill is taken 21 days on, 7 day off.
1. The intention
a) It will help to reduce the bleeding by thinning the endometrial lining and reducing the flow of the period blood that help to decreases the risk of retrograde menstruation in endometriosis.
b) It also helps to inhibit hormone prostaglandins that causes muscle spasm in the ovary reducing the menstrual cramps(5)(7).
c) Since the pill reduces the heavy bleeding(6) of endometriosis, it is lesser the risk of bleeding into cysts and pelvic cavity.
d) Managing the endometriosis(8) by creating a continual pregnant-like state.
e) Reduced menstrual symptoms, such as headaches, genital irritation, tiredness, bloating(7).

2.   Risks and side effects
a) Risks
i) Since the oral contraceptive combination pill contains estrogen, it may cause blood clots(3), stroke(3),  heart disease(1) and induced breast cancer(2)
ii) Hypertension(1) and increase heart rate(1) caused by thickening of blood in arteries.
b) Side effects
i) Bleeding and spotting(4) as our body needs time to adjust to the substance in the pill, Normally, the bleeding and spotting will end in six months.
ii) Weigh gain(9)(10)(11)(inconclusive result) caused by synthetic progesterone in the pill in some women.

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References
(1) Prospective measurement of blood pressure and heart rate over 24 h in women using combined oral contraceptives with estradiol by Grandi G¹, Xholli A¹, Napolitano A¹, Piacenti I¹, Bellafronte M¹, Cagnacci A².(PubMed)
(2) Correlation of age at oral contraceptive pill start with age at breast cancer diagnosis by Imkampe AK¹, Bates T.(PubMed)
(3) Cerebral vein thrombosis in women using short course oral contraceptive consumption by Sasannejad P¹, Mellat Ardekani A², Velayati A¹, Shoeibi A¹, Saeidi M¹, Foroughipour M¹,Azarpazhooh MR¹.(PubMed)
(4) Phase 3 study of desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol combined oral contraceptive for pregnancy prevention by Kroll R¹, Howard B, Hsieh J, Ricciotti N.(PubMed)
(5) Progestogen-only contraceptive pill compared with combined oral contraceptive in the treatment of pain symptoms caused by endometriosis in patients with migraine without aura by Morotti M¹, Remorgida V², Venturini PL², Ferrero S².(PubMed)
(6) Treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding with the estradiol valerate and dienogest oral contraceptive pill by Micks EA¹, Jensen JT.(PubMed)
(7) Continuous or extended cycle vs. cyclic use of combined oral contraceptives for contraception by Edelman AB¹, Gallo MF, Jensen JT, Nichols MD, Schulz KF, Grimes DA(PubMed)
(8) contraceptive health benefits: perception versus reality by Kaunitz AM.(PubMed)
(9)Oral contraceptives use and weight gain in women with a Central European life-style by Lech MM¹, Ostrowska L.(PubMed)
(10) Weight and body composition changes during oral contraceptive use in obese and normal weight women by Mayeda ER¹, Torgal AH, Westhoff CL.(PubMed)
(11) An exploratory analysis of associations between eating disordered symptoms, perceived weight changes, and oral contraceptive discontinuation among young minority women by Hall KS¹, White KO, Rickert VI, Reame NK, Westhoff CL.(PubMed)