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Monday 8 September 2014

Endometriosis: The Affects on Menstruation(*))(Revised edition with references)

By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including
world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com
Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in research, such as international journal pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


During the last stage of the menstrual cycle, normally a layer of endometriosis lining on the inside of the uterus is expelled, known as menstruation blood, instead some of the endometriosis tissues grow somewhere in the body causing endometriosis. Endometriosis also react to hormone signals of the monthly menstrual cycle, builds up tissue, breaks it and eliminates it through menstrual period.

1. Variable amounts of bleeding either heavy or scanty
Variable amounts of bleeding either heavy or scanty is normal for menarche and perimenopause as the menstrual cycle is initiated and during a woman 's forties until menopause accordingly because of imbalance of estrogen and progesterone. In endometriosis, heavy and scanty bleeding are caused by over-production of certain hormones in the prostaglandins hormonal family that controls the aggregation or disaggregation of platelets(1)(5).

2. Menstrual spotting
Menstrual spotting in the middle of the menstrual cycle may be caused by polyp growth in the uterus. Polyps within the uterus may prevent pregnancy or interfere with implantation of embryo as well as miscarriage. Polyps also cause heavy bleeding as a resulting of rupture of polyps in the uterus during menstruation. Luckily most polyps exit in uterus tend to be benign growth(2).

3. Prolong bleeding

Prolong bleeding may be caused by endometriosis cysts or fibroid located in the uterus wall as a result of imbalanced hormones of the prostaglandins family caused by excessive estrogen in the body if one type of prostaglandins hormone that helps to stop platelets from clumping together(3)(4).

4. Long menstrual cycle
An irregular menstrual pattern of long menstrual cycles may be an indication of ovulation problems and can be a major factor in infertility caused by endometriosis ovulation problems resulting in ovulation delay or immature eggs in the follicular phase. Sometimes, the follicle develops but the egg is not expelled from the ovary, caused by low levels of progesterone(4)(6).

5. Blood clots
Because of irregular menstruation causing imbalance hormone, blood clots usually happen during menstruation if one of the hormones of the prostaglandins family that helps to regulate blood clots is over-produced. In this case over-production of such hormones cause more platelets clumping together and fails to dilate blood vessels resulting in blood clots(5).
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References
(*)Predictors of hysterectomy as a treatment for menstrual symptoms by Graham M1, James EL, Keleher H.(PubMed)
(*)Referral for menstrual problems: cross sectional survey of symptoms, reasons for referral, and management by Warner P1, Critchley HO, Lumsden MA, Campbell-Brown M, Douglas A, Murray G.(PubMed)


(1) Menstrual suppression for adolescents by Altshuler AL1, Hillard PJ.(PubMed)
(2) Premenstrual spotting of ≥2 days is strongly associated with histologically confirmed endometriosis in women with infertility. by Heitmann RJ1, Langan KL1, Huang RR2, Chow GE1, Burney RO3.(PubMed)
(3)Migraine is associated with menorrhagia and endometriosis by Tietjen GE1, Conway A, Utley C, Gunning WT, Herial NA.(PubMed)
(4) Endometriosis: associations with menorrhagia, infertility and oral contraceptives by Sensky TE, Liu DT.(PubMed)
(5) Hemostatic disorders in women by Kadir RA1, Davies J.(PubMed)
(6) Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in menorrhagia, intrauterine contraceptive device-induced side effects and endometriosis by Ylikorkala O. (PubMed)




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