By Kyle J. Norton
Banana Banana is the common name of a genus of tropical
herbaceous plants. It can grow from 3 to 9 m and belongs to the family
of the lily and the orchid.
Nutrients
1. Vitamin B6
2. Vitamin C
3. Fiber
4. Potassium
5. Magnesium
6. Iron7. Etc.
Chemical constituents
1. Sterols
2. 3-Methyl butyl butanoate ester
3. steryl esters
4. Diacylglycerols,
5. SAteryl glucosides,
6. Long chain fatty alcohols
7. Aromatic compounds
8. Linoleic acid
9. Linolenic acid
10. Oleic acids
11. Lectin
12. Fructooligosaccharides
Health benefits
1. Banana and constipation
Constipation is a condition of frequent and hard to pass in bowel
movement. According to right diagnosis, approximately 30 percent of US
population are experience of gastrointestinal complaint every year.
chronic constipation (CC) study in adult
Moscow population in a 1189 randomly selected subjects, showed
statistical significant of 34.3% subjects affected by the disease, 16.5%
had CC according to Rome III criteria. Female have significantly higher
rate of 2 symptoms of constipation(1).
Fructooligosaccharides, a chemical compound found abundantly in banana,
in a study by University of Murcia, showed to increase fecal bolus and
the frequency of depositions, with a dose of 4-15 g/day given to healthy
subjects will reduce constipation(2). Unfortunately,
its seeds may induce constipation,(3) especially when they are consume
in empty stomach, according to 1SFE Medical Project, Luang Namtha(4).
References
(1) [Prevalence and risk factors of constipation in the adult population of Moscow (according to population-based study MUSA)].[Article in Russian] by Lazebnik LB, Prilepskaia SI, Baryshnikov EN, Parfenov AI, Kosacheva TN.(PubMed)
(2) Dietary fructooligosaccharides and potential benefits on health by Sabater-Molina M1, Larqué E, Torrella F, Zamora S.(PubMed)
(3) Intestinal obstruction due to phytobezoars of banana seeds: a case report by choeffl V1, Varatorn R, Blinnikov O, Vidamaly V.(PubMed)
(4) Bowel obstruction from wild bananas: a neglected health problem in Laos by Slesak G1, Mounlaphome K, Inthalad S, Phoutsavath O, Mayxay M, Newton PN.(PubMed)
2. Banana and bacterial activity
The immune system is the
set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents
that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The
immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing
infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a
important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and
bacteria attacks.
According to the National Pingtung University of Science and
Technology, Taiwan, hot water banana peel extract may be effective as
bacteriostat, and immunostimulant and physiological regulator, through
injection administration to enhance immunity, physiological responses,
and resistance against L. garvieae in prawns study(1). The combination
of saba (Banana)starch with L. plantarum CIF17AN2 showed a statistically
significant in inhibition against Sal. Typhimurium SA2093 in the
simulated colon model(2). The study of banana peel efficacy in biosurfactant-producing bacteria, showed the peel may be used to obtain crude biosurfactant fora broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity(3).
References
(1) Effects of hot-water extract of banana (Musa acuminata) fruit's peel on the antibacterial activity, and anti-hypothermal stress, immune responses and disease resistance of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbegii by Rattanavichai W1, Cheng W. (PubMed)
(2) Antagonistic mechanisms of synbiosis between Lactobacillus plantarum CIF17AN2 and green banana starch in the proximal colon model challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium by Uraipan S1, Brigidi P2, Hongpattarakere T3.(PubMed)
(3) Utilization of banana peel as a novel substrate for biosurfactant production by Halobacteriaceae archaeon AS65 by Chooklin CS1, Maneerat S, Saimmai A.(PubMed)
3. Banana and Diabetes
Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by
insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose.
It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites
clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.
According to the University College of Medical Sciences, India, Musa sapientum Linn (banana), has been used in India for the treatment of gastric ulcer, hypertension,
diarrhea, dysentery, and diabetes. In rat study, the stem of
lyophilized stem juice of M. sapientum Linn., showed to exhibits
antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects.(1). In support of the
aboce, the Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering study, suggested
that ethanol extract of banana
pseudostem (EE) exert an anti-diabetic effect by inhibition of
α-glucosidases from the intestine, in turn suppressing the carbohydrate
absorption into the bloodstream(2). According to the Central Food
Technological Research Institute, banana (Musa
sp. var. elakki bale) flower and pseudostem showed to induce symptoms
of hyperglycemia, polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, urine sugar, and
body weight in banana flower- and pseudostem-treated rats(3).
References
(1) Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of the stem of Musa sapientum Linn. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by Dikshit P1, Shukla K, Tyagi MK, Garg P, Gambhir JK, Shukla R.(PubMed)
(2) Investigation of antihyperglycaemic activity of banana (Musa sp. var. Nanjangud rasa bale) pseudostem in normal and diabetic rats by Ramu R1, Shirahatti PS, Zameer F, Nagendra Prasad MN.(PubMed).
(3) Beneficial effects of banana (Musa
sp. var. elakki bale) flower and pseudostem on hyperglycemia and
advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in streptozotocin-induced
diabetic rats by Bhaskar JJ1,
Shobha MS, Sambaiah K, Salimath PV.(PubMed)
4. Banana and antihyperlipidemic effects
Cholesterol is needed for our body to build cell walls, make hormones
and vitamin D, and create bile salts that help you digest fat. However
too much of it can be dangerous because cholesterol
cannot dissolve in your blood. The special particle called lipoprotein
moves this waxy, soft substance from place to place. If you have too
much low density lipoprotein LDL that is known as bad cholesterol,
overtime cholesterol can build up in your arterial walls causing
blockage and leading to heart attack and stroke.
The pulp of banana fruit (Musa
sapientum L. var. Cavendishii) , including soluble and insoluble
components of dietary fibre showed to exhibit anti hypocholesterolaemic
effect with no affect the concentration of serum cholesterol(1). In support of the above, the University of Auckland study showed that resistant starch in Micronesian banana cultivars showed to have beneficial effects in disease prevention including modulation of glycaemic index diabetes, cholesterol lowering capability and weight management(2). Ethanol extract of mature green fruits of Musa
AAA (Chenkadali) (bananas and plantains), according to Faculty of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy contained ntioxidant and
hypolipidaemic properties and may be used for treating diabetes
mellitus(3).
References
(1) Hypocholesterolaemic effect of banana (Musa sapientum L. var. Cavendishii) pulp in the rat fed on a cholesterol-containing diet by Horigome T1, Sakaguchi E, Kishimoto C.(PubMed)
(2) Resistant starch in Micronesian banana cultivars offers health benefits by Thakorlal J1, Perera CO, Smith B, Englberger L, Lorens A.(PubMed)
(3) Hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effects of fruits of Musa AAA (Chenkadali) in alloxan induced diabetic rats by Kaimal S1, Sujatha KS, George S.(PubMed)
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5. Banana and gastric ulcer
Gastric ulcer, a type of peptic ulcer is defined as a condition of a localized tissue erosion in the lining the stomach.
Extract of Musa sapientum fruit (MSE) exhibit antidiabetic and better ulcer healing effects ) in diabetic rat and could be more effective in diabetes with concurrent gastric ulcer, according to the Banaras Hindu University(1). The study of Methanolic extract of Musa sapientum var. Paradisiaca (MSE, 100 mg/kg), showed to exert its ulcer
protective through its predominant effect on mucosal glycoprotein, cell
proliferation, free radicals and antioxidant systems(2). In Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), encompassing gastric and duodenal ulcers, active compound of Musa sapientum, a monomeric flavonoid (leucocyanidin) showed to promote anti-ulcerogenic activity(3).
References
(1) Healing effects of Musa sapientum var. paradisiaca in diabetic rats with co-occurring gastric ulcer: cytokines and growth factor by PCR amplification by Kumar M, Gautam MK, Singh A, Goel RK1.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of plantain banana on gastric ulceration in NIDDM rats: role of gastric mucosal glycoproteins, cell proliferation, antioxidants and free radicals by Mohan Kumar M1, Joshi MC, Prabha T, Dorababu M, Goel RK.(PubMed)
(3) Indigenous anti-ulcer activity of Musa sapientum on peptic ulcer. by Prabha P1, Karpagam T, Varalakshmi B, Packiavathy AS.(PubMed)
6. Banana and hypertension
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls
of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. High blood pressure means
raising pressure in your heart.If it stays high over time it can damage the body in many ways.
Blood
pressure medications have undoubtedly prevented many deaths from heart
disease in the past 30 years, but they have many side effects such as
damaging the kidney
Corosolic acid (CRA), a constituent of banaba leaves, according to the Mukogawa Women's University, showed to ameliorate hypertension,
abnormal lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress as well as the
inflammatory state in a 14 weeks rat study(1). In healthy volunteers
study, banana showed no significant changes in heart rate and peak
expiratory flow rate but only significant decrease in plasma ACE
activity. Banana treatment decreased the
rise of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in healthy
volunteers subjected to cold stress test without much effect on heart
rate and peak expiratory flow rate(2)
References
(1) Corosolic acid prevents oxidative stress, inflammation and hypertension in SHR/NDmcr-cp rats, a model of metabolic syndrome by Yamaguchi Y1, Yamada K, Yoshikawa N, Nakamura K, Haginaka J, Kunitomo M.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of banana on cold stress test & peak expiratory flow rate in healthy volunteers by Sarkar C1, Bairy KL, Rao NM, Udupa EG.(PubMed)
7. Banana and diarrhea
Diarrhea is a condition of frequent bowel movements with three loose or
liquid each day. prolong period of diarrhea may result in dehydration
due to fluid loss.
Banana flakes, according to the 1Pennsylvania Hospital, can be used as a safe, cost-effective treatment for diarrhea in critically ill tube-fed patients. Banana flakes can be given concurrently with a workup for C. difficile colitis, thereby expediting treatment of diarrhea.(1). Green banana or its chemical compound pectin in the study of Bangladeshi children showed to benefit in management of persistent diarrhea
in hospitalized children and may also be useful to treat children at
home(2). In support to the above, the Hospital Universitario de
Maracaibo, insisted that green plantain showed to be effective in
dietary management of persistent diarrhea,
in a prospective, in-hospital controlled trial, two different
treatments were administered to a sample of 80 children of both sexes,
with ages ranging from 1 to 28 months(3).
References
(1) Banana flakes control diarrhea in enterally fed patients by Emery EA1, Ahmad S, Koethe JD, Skipper A, Perlmutter S, Paskin DL.(PubMed)
(2) Clinical studies in persistent diarrhea: dietary management with green banana or pectin in Bangladeshi children by Rabbani GH1, Teka T, Zaman B, Majid N, Khatun M, Fuchs GJ.(PubMed)
(3) Beneficial role of green plantain [Musa paradisiaca] in the management of persistent diarrhea: a prospective randomized trial by Alvarez-Acosta T1, León C, Acosta-González S, Parra-Soto H, Cluet-Rodriguez I, Rossell MR, Colina-Chourio JA.(PubMed)
8. Banana as antioxidants
BHT and water extracts of banana showed to exhibit its natural antioxidants in
preservation of raw poultry meat and meat products, according to
Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology(1). In the
comparison of 4 different Musa sp. leave
extracts of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol antioxidant effect,
researchers at the King Saud University, suggested that Antioxidant
activity of Musa acuminate exhibited maximum activity among other three Musa species(2).
References
(1) Comparative antioxidant effect of BHT and water extracts of banana and sapodilla peels in raw poultry meat by Devatkal SK, Kumboj R, Paul D.(PubMed)
(2) Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Musa sp. leaf extracts against multidrug resistant clinical pathogens causing nosocomial infection by Karuppiah P1, Mustaffa M.(PubMed)
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