Food Therapy - Avocado and Cholesterol

Avocado is a commercially valuable fruit and are cultivated in tropical climates throughout the world, it is a green-skinned, pear-shaped fruit that ripens after harvesting and native to the Caribbean, Mexico, South America and Central America, belonging to the flowering plant family Lauraceae.
Nutrients
1. Vitamin K
2. Dietary fiber
3. Vitamin B6
4. Vitamin C
5. Folate
6. Copper
7. Potassium
8. Amino acid
9. Others
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B12
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
e) Carotenoid
f) Pantothenic acid
g) Calcium
h) Chromium
Chemical constituents
The fruit contains campesterol, high amounts of β-sitosterol (average 76.4 mg/100 g); fatty acids (approximately 60% monounsaturated, 20% saturated, and 20% unsaturated); high amounts of glutathione (27.7 mg/100 g); approximately 2% protein; 6–9% carbohydrates and sugars (glucose, fructose, d-mannoheptulose, a taloheptulose, and an alloheptulose); two bitter substances (1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene and 1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene); carnitine; proanthocyanidins; persenones A and B(a).


Cholesterol is needed for our body to build cell walls, make hormones and vitamin D, and create bile salts that help you digest fat. However too much of it can be dangerous because cholesterol cannot dissolve in your blood. The special particle called lipoprotein moves this waxy, soft substance from place to place.
Avocado may be one of best fruit used to reduced the accumulation of bad cholesterol in the blood, as it processes body fat lowering capacity. The fruit was also found to reduced risk of metabolic syndrome(1), including obesity(2) and cardiovascular diseases(3). According to Dr. Monika P, and Dr. Geetha A., hydro-alcoholic fruit extract of P. americana (HAEPA) in a period of 14 weeks rat study, showed a significantly decreased body mass index (BMI), total fat pad mass and adiposity index. Levels of reduced glutathione, adiponectin, mRNA expression of adiponectin were significant lower in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD)(4). The study of the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats, Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract enhanced the HAEPA exhibition of hypolipidemic activity probably by increasing the mRNA, which is RNA messenger expression of adiponectin, a protein with function in regulating glucose levels as well as fatty acid breakdown. and PPAR-γ, a protein with function in regulation of cellular metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein), and tumorigenesis, which reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia and obesity(5). In support of the view of above, researchers at the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, suggested that consumption of 200 g/d of avocado within an energy-restricted diet does not compromise weight loss when substituted for 30 g of mixed dietary fat. Serum lipid concentrations, plasma fibrinogen, arterial compliance, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were not affected by weight loss or avocado intake(6).


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References
(1) Avocado consumption is associated with better diet quality and nutrient intake, and lower metabolic syndrome risk in US adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2008 by Fulgoni VL 3rd¹, Dreher M, Davenport AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract on the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia and obesity by Monika P, Geetha A.(PubMed)
(3) Avocado oil supplementation modifies cardiovascular risk profile markers in a rat model of sucrose-induced metabolic changes by Carvajal-Zarrabal O¹, Nolasco-Hipolito C², Aguilar-Uscanga MG³, Melo-Santiesteban G⁴, Hayward-Jones PM¹, Barradas-Dermitz DM⁵.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract on the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia and obesity by Monika P, Geetha A.(PubMed)
(5) Effect of Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract on the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia and obesity by Monika P, Geetha A.(PubMed)
(6) Substitution of high monounsaturated fatty acid avocado for mixed dietary fats during an energy-restricted diet: effects on weight loss, serum lipids, fibrinogen, and vascular function by Pieterse Z¹, Jerling JC, Oosthuizen W, Kruger HS, Hanekom SM, Smuts CM, Schutte AE.(PubMed)