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Tuesday, 27 May 2014

Avocado and Skin health

Avocado is commercially valuable fruit cultivated in tropical climates throughout the world. It is a green-skinned, pear-shaped fruit that ripens after harvesting and native to the Caribbean, Mexico, South America and Central America, belonging to the flowering plant family Lauraceae.
Nutrients
1. Vitamin K
2. Dietary fiber
3. Vitamin B6
4. Vitamin C
5. Folate
6. Copper
7. Potassium
8. Amino acid
9. Others
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B12
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
e) Carotenoid
f) Pantothenic acid
g) Calcium
h) Chromium
Chemical constituents
The fruit contains campesterol, high amounts of β-sitosterol (average 76.4 mg/100 g); fatty acids (approximately 60% monounsaturated, 20% saturated, and 20% unsaturated); high amounts of glutathione (27.7 mg/100 g); approximately 2% protein; 6–9% carbohydrates and sugars (glucose, fructose, d-mannoheptulose, a taloheptulose, and an alloheptulose); two bitter substances (1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene and 1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene); carnitine; proanthocyanidins; persenones A and B(a).

In growing rats fed with diets containing 10% (w/w) of the tested oils, showed to increased soluble collagen content due to a result of a consequence of the inhibition of lysyl oxidase activity(1). On wound healing in rats, after  the 14th day of treatment with 50% SSFAO or avocado oil containing rich source of oleic acid and essential fatty acids, exhibited a significant increase in percentage wound contraction and reepithelialisation(2). In Exposing skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, unique lipid molecules, polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFA), extracted from avocado, reduced significantly UV-induced cellular damage, through increasing cell viability, decreased the secretion of IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. and PGE(2) in mediated the inflammation process(3).


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References
(1) The effect of various avocado oils on skin collagen metabolism by Werman MJ1, Mokady S, Nimni ME, Neeman I.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of semisolid formulation of persea americana mill (avocado) oil on wound healing in rats by de Oliveira AP1, Franco Ede S, Rodrigues Barreto R, Cordeiro DP, de Melo RG, de Aquino CM, E Silva AA, de Medeiros PL, da Silva TG, Góes AJ, Maia MB.(PubMed)
(3) Polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols derived from avocado suppress inflammatory response and provide non-sunscreen protection against UV-induced damage in skin cells by Rosenblat G1, Meretski S, Segal J, Tarshis M, Schroeder A, Zanin-Zhorov A, Lion G, Ingber A, Hochberg M.(PubMed)
 

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