Cervical cancer in Vitamin E Points of View

 Kyle J. Norton

According to the American Cancer Society's, in 2014, 12,360 new cases of invasive cervical cancer will be diagnosed with the death of  4,020 patients. The risk of cervical cancer is higher in Hispanic women followed by African-Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and whites(1).
Epidemiological studies, linking vitamin E in reduced risk of cervical cancer have not been consistent(1a)(1b)(1c)(1d), but no doubt of its effectiveness in improvement of quality of life, through reduction of oxidative stress(2)(2a)

Vitamin E,  a fat soluble vitamin, consisting eight different variants (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol and alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienol) with varying levels of biological activity(3), found abundantly in corn oil, soybean oil, margarine, wheat germ oil, sunflower,safflower oils, etc. plays an important role in neurological functions and inhibition of platelet aggregation, regulation of enzymatic activity, free radical scavenger, etc..

The Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juarez study indicated the effectiveness of  dietary supplements, including vitamin E to reduced risk of cervical cancer but depending to the specific factors of the diseases(4)(5). The study from ¹National Cancer Center, of Korea, showed a strong inverse effect of antioxidants vitamin E against risk of cervical cancer in a 144 cervical cancer cases and 288 age-matched, hospital-based controls using unconditional logistic regression models(6). Tocotrienols, variants of vitamin E, including alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-  of palm oil in the testing against human cervical cancer cell line showed a strong effects of alphaT3 and gammaT3  induced cell death.through cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and triggered apoptosis in  a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner(7).
The Vilnius University study in the assessing the parameters of immune and antioxidant systems in patients with cervical cancer indicated a lower levels of antioxidant vitamin E and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase in comparison with the control group(8)(8a). Oral administration of alpha-tocopherol and quercetin, exerted their antioxidants effects in protection of  DNA damage against free radicals through detoxification by increased glutathione and glutathione-s-transferase (9). The study at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center of three human cancer cell lines, including cervical cancer (HeLa), indicated that d-alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TS)  induced chromosomal damage in both human cervical cancer cells and ovarian cancer cells, but not in human normal fibroblasts in culture and enhanced the level of radiation-induced chromosomal damage in cancer cells, but it protected normal cells against such damage(10).

Taking altogether, without going into reviews, Vitamin E and its variants may have a protective effect in reduced risk of cervical cancer through its antioxidant properties. But further studies with large sample sizes and multi centers studies are necessary to validate its claims. Over doses of vitamin E supplement can cause symptoms of blurred vision, weakness, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, etc., please make sure you follow the guideline of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.


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References
(1) Cerical cancer (Amerrican cancer society)
(1a) Dietary intakes of selected nutrients and food groups and risk of cervical cancer by Ghosh C¹, Baker JA, Moysich KB, Rivera R, Brasure JR, McCann SE.(PubMed)
(1b) Intakes of selected nutrients and food groups and risk of ovarian cancer by McCann SE¹, Moysich KB, Mettlin C.(PubMed)
(1c) Food consumption pattern in cervical carcinoma patients and controls by Labani L¹, Andallu B, Meera M, Asthana S, Satyanarayana L.(PubMed)
(1d) A case-control study of nutrient status and invasive cervical cancer. I. Dietary indicators by Herrero R¹, Potischman N, Brinton LA, Reeves WC, Brenes MM, Tenorio F, de Britton RC, Gaitan E.(PubMed)
(2)[Effect of antioxidant supplementation over oxidative stress and quality of life in cervical cancer].

[Article in Spanish] by Fuchs-Tarlovsky V¹, Bejarano-Rosales M, Gutiérrez-Salmeán G, Casillas MA, López-Alvarenga JC, Ceballos-Reyes GM (PubMed)

(2a) Alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopheryl quinone levels in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer by Palan PR¹, Woodall AL, Anderson PS, Mikhail MS.(PubMed)

(3) Traber MG. Vitamin E. In: Shils ME, Shike M, Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins R, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 10th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006;396-411.
(4) [Dietary supplements as a treatment for cervical cancer: a systematic review].

[Article in Spanish] by Arellano Ortiz AL¹, Jiménez Vega F¹, Salcedo Vargas M².(PubMed)

(5) Vitamin or antioxidant intake (or serum level) and risk of cervical neoplasm: a meta-analysis by Myung SK¹, Ju W, Kim SC, Kim H; Korean Meta-analysis (KORMA) Study Group.(PubMed)

(6) Intakes of vitamin A, C, and E, and beta-carotene are associated with risk of cervical cancer: a case-control study in Korea by Kim J¹, Kim MK, Lee JK, Kim JH, Son SK, Song ES, Lee KB, Lee JP, Lee JM, Yun YM.(PubMed)

(7) Tocotrienols inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in human HeLa cells through the cell cycle signaling pathway by Wu SJ¹, Ng LT.(PubMed)

(8) [Changes in the parameters of immune and antioxidant systems in patients with cervical cancer].

[Article in Lithuanian] by Kazbariene B¹, Prasmickiene G, Krikstaponiene A, Sukeliene D, Burneckis A, Didziapetriene J.(PubMed)

(8a) Plasma concentrations of coenzyme Q10 and tocopherols in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer by Palan PR¹, Mikhail MS, Shaban DW, Romney SL.(PubMed)

(9) Comparative evaluation of cancer chemopreventive efficacy of alpha-tocopherol and quercetin in a murine model by De S¹, Chakraborty RN, Ghosh S, Sengupta A, Das S.(PubMed)
(10) D-alpha-tocopheryl succinate (vitamin E) enhances radiation-induced chromosomal damage levels in human cancer cells, but reduces it in normal cells by Kumar B¹, Jha MN, Cole WC, Bedford JS, Prasad KN.(PubMed)