Bulimia nervosa is defined as a
medical condition of consuming a large amount of food in a short amount
of
time or one setting (binge eating), followed by self induced vomiting,
taking a laxative or diuretic and/or excessive exercise, etc. to
compensate for the binge. Bulimia nervosa also effects almost 90% of
female. Unlike anorexia nervosa, people suffering from bulimia nervosa are usually normal or slightly over weight.
VI. Preventions
A. The Do's and Do not's list
A.1. Primary prevention
Dt. Michael Sidiropoulos in the article of Anorexia Nervosa: The
physiological consequences of starvation and the need for primary
prevention efforts indicated that there are numerous actions that the
physician, along with the family, allied health care workers and/or
through a broader public health initiative can accomplish in this
particular case that will have longstanding implications on the
patient's future development and growth and will increase the likelihood
of healthy outcomes through primary
prevention(37).
1. Minimizing social pressures
In the study to evaluation the Sociological factors in the development
of eating disorders, Dr Nagel KL, andand Dr. Jones KH. at the
University of Georgia indicated that professionals in the educational
and physical and mental health care fields need to be aware of the
influence of social pressures
on teenagers' perceptions of body image and appearance. This article
reviews the sociocultural, socioeconomic, and sex-related factors which
contribute to the development of eating disorders. It is recommended
that professionals help adolescents resist societal pressure
to conform to unrealistic standards of appearance, and provide guidance
on nutrition, realistic body ideals, and achievement of self-esteem,
self-efficacy, interpersonal relations and coping skills(38).
2. Minimizing family issues
Dr. Yager J. in the study of the family issues in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa, suggested that factors residing in family systems have been implicated in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. In this paper I critically review literature that bears on this issue: the transmission of anorexia nervosa in families; family stress patterns, personality and psychopathological characteristics of parents, parent-child interactions, and whole family
systems. Much additional research is needed to accurately determine the
precise nature of such factors and the extent to which they actually
contribute to the appearance of this syndrome(39).
3. Reducing individual factors
In the study to examine which unique factors (genetic and environmental) increase the risk for developing anorexia nervosa
by using a case-control design of discordant sister pairs, Dr. Karwautz
A, and the research team at University of London, suggested that he
sisters with anorexia nervosa
differed from their healthy sisters in terms of personal vulnerability
traits and exposure to high parental expectations and sexual abuse. Factors
within the dieting risk domain did not differ. However, there was
evidence of poor feeding in childhood. No difference in the distribution
of genotypes or alleles of the DRD4, COMT, the 5HT2A and 5HT2C receptor
genes was detected. These results are preliminary because our
calculations indicate that there is insufficient power to detect the
expected effect on risk with this sample size(40).
A.2. Secondary prevention
Secondary prevention focuses early detection and intervention as early
detection is often difficult as individuals with eating problems often
attempt to conceal their behavior. People such as Parents, peers and siblings, teacher
and family doctor are in good position to detect changing attitudes
around food,weight, and shape for detecting eating disorder early for
effective treatment(41)
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Sources
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19633611
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9582008
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20709593
(40) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/421844
(41) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22162675
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