Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active
and produces too much thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism is a condition
in which the thyroid gland is under active and produces very little
thyroid hormones. Thyroid cancer is defined as condition in which the
cells in the thyroid gland have become cancerous.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis)
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune
system attacks the thyroid gland of that mostly often leads an
underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). According to the study by
the University of Pisa, Women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) suffer
from a high symptom load independently from hypothyroidism, which
results just a contributing factor to the development of the clinical
syndrome. In agreement with these results, we recently reported on the
presence of symptoms and signs consistent with fibromyalgia (FM) in
patients with HT regardless thyroid dysfunction, focusing to the weight
of anti-thyroid autoimmunity in the HT-associated clinical syndrome(a).
E. Preventions
E.1. Diet to prevent Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
1. Brazil Nuts and Sunflower Seeds
In the study to investigate Selenium and thyroidal function; the role of
immunoassays, showed that that dietary intake of about 300 micro g of
selenium daily may have a toxic effect on growth hormone and insulin
like growth factor-1 metabolism, as well as in the synthesis of thyroid
hormones. Main adverse effects may be anorexia, diarrhea, depression,
hemorrhage, liver and kidney necrosis, blindness, ataxia and respiratory
disturbances. Dermatitis and CNS deficiency have also been described.
It is concluded that selenium plays an important role in regulating
thyroid function, as well as in the homeostasis of thyroid hormones
through the action of selenoproteins, in which it incorporates as
selenocystein(1). Others suggested that a different pattern of response
to Se supplementation in HT relative to baseline TPOab titers, and this,
if confirmed, could be used to identify which patients would benefit
most from treatment. An improvement in thyroid function and morphology
should be demonstrated before Se routine supplementation can be
recommended in the treatment of HT(25).
2. Sea buckthorn
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) constitutes thorny nitrogen
fixing deciduous shrub. Sea buckthorn(SBT) is primarily valued for its
very rich vitamins A, B(1), B(12), C, E, K, and P; flavonoids, lycopene,
carotenoids, and phytosterols. and therapeutically important since it
is rich with potent antioxidants. Scientifically evaluated
pharmacological actions of SBT are like inflammation inhibited by
reduced permeability, loss of follicular aggregation of lymphocytes from
the inflamed synovium and suppress lymphocyte proliferation(26).
3. Balanced diet
Several minerals and trace elements are essential for normal thyroid
hormone metabolism, e.g., iodine, iron, selenium, and zinc. Coexisting
deficiencies of these elements can impair thyroid function. Iron
deficiency impairs thyroid hormone synthesis by reducing activity of
heme-dependent thyroid peroxidase. Iron-deficiency anemia blunts and
iron supplementation improves the efficacy of iodine supplementation.
Combined selenium and iodine deficiency leads to myxedematous cretinism.
The normal thyroid gland retains high selenium concentrations even
under conditions of inadequate selenium supply and expresses many of the
known selenocysteine-containing proteins. Among these selenoproteins
are the glutathione peroxidase, deiodinase, and thioredoxine reductase
families of enzymes(27).
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Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22147633
(25) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20883174
(26) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22530142
(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12487769
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