Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active
and produces too much thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism is a condition
in which the thyroid gland is under active and produces very little
thyroid hormones. Thyroid cancer is defined as condition in which the
cells in the thyroid gland have become cancerous.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis)
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune
system attacks the thyroid gland of that mostly often leads an
underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). According to the study by
the University of Pisa, Women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) suffer
from a high symptom load independently from hypothyroidism, which
results just a contributing factor to the development of the clinical
syndrome. In agreement with these results, we recently reported on the
presence of symptoms and signs consistent with fibromyalgia (FM) in
patients with HT regardless thyroid dysfunction, focusing to the weight
of anti-thyroid autoimmunity in the HT-associated clinical syndrome(a).
C.2. Diseases associated to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
1. Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE)
Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) is a rarely recognized neurocognitive
syndrome that is associated with thyroid autoimmunity. It is more common
in women(14).
2. Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a common form of chronic autoimmune thyroid
disease (AITD) and often coexists with other autoimmune diseases, but
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis associated with an autosomal dominant
neurofibromatosis type 1 is exceedingly rare. There is a report of a
case of a 30-year-old Bengali woman presented to the OPD with complaints
of aching pain and tingling sensation in her hands and feet. Physical
examination revealed dysmorphic facies, nodular swelling in the neck,
cafe-au-lait spots, and neurofibromas covering the entire surface of her
body. Her thyroid hormones were within normal limits. Thyroid
ultrasound revealed a cystic area in the left lobe of the gland, and
ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology revealed lymphocytic
infiltration of the gland, suggesting Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. High
levels of autoimmune antibodies such as antithyroglobulin and
antimicrosomal antibodies confirmed the diagnosis(15).
3. Chronic hepatitis C
In the study to investigate the relation of thyroid function with
hashimoto thyroiditis (HT, an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology
also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis) in patients with chronic
hepatitis C (CHC), showed that he incidence of thyroid dysfunction is
significantly higher among CHC patients with HT than among CHC patients
without HT. If suspected, these patients should be carefully monitored
because the clinical symptoms of thyroid dysfunction are not obvious and
the drug therapy(16).
4. Reactive thrombocytosis
According to our literature review, this is the first reported case of
reactive thrombocytosis due to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and/or
subclinical hypothyroidism. A 31-year-old man without any complaint was
admitted to the Hematology Department for thrombocytosis which was
detected in his routine follow-up. He had been using thyroid hormone
replacement for 2 years because of hypothyroidism as Hashimoto’s
thyroiditis was earlier diagnosed. Due to miscommunication, he stopped
his medication levothyroxine 0.1 mg/day 2 weeks in advance and he was
still off-drug on admission. Platelet count was 715 × 10/l in the first
admission center. Subclinical hypothyroidism diagnosis was made with the
present findings and thyroid hormone replacement therapy was again
commenced gradually. Platelet counts and thyroid-stimulating hormone
value were normal 6 weeks later(17).
5. Thyroid papillary carcinoma
In a retrospective study of patients undergoing partial or total
thyroidectomy for PTC between 2007 and 2009, a total of 41 cases, found
that there is a rate of 26.8% of patients with association between TH
and CPT, but without differences in relation to tumor size(18).
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Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22147633
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23767389
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23691379
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23663880
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23518829
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23306572
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22619157
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