Acute thyroiditis (Acute infectious thyroiditis or acute suppurative thyroiditis) is defined as a condition of as a result of relatively high amount of iodine in the tissue causes of microbial inflammatory thyroiditis, pyrogenic thyroiditis and bacterial thyroiditis. Acute infectious thyroiditis is very rare, accounting for about 0.1-0.7% of all thyroiditis.
F. Treatments
F.3. Treatments in traditional Chinese medicine perspective
1. Ba Jiao Hui Xiang
Ba Jiao Hui Xiang also known Chinese Star Anise is a spice which has been used in traditional Chinese cooking for thousand of years from a small evergreen tree, native in southwest China. The acrid and warm herb has been used in TCM an Antibiotic agent and to treat hernia, chronic lower back pain, vomiting due to coldness in stomach, pain and coldness in stomach. etc. as it disperses cold moves qi and calms pain by enhancing the functions of liver, kidney, spleen, stomach channels. Researchers found that ethanol in Bai Jiao Hui Xiang has a antibacterial property, including Staphyloccocus aureus Rosenbach and Bacillus Subtilis. Also in other study, extract from Bai Jiao hui xiang has exerted the propety of antibacterial activity against 67 clinical drug-resistant isolates, including 27 Acinetobacter baumannii, 20 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 20 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, according to research of “Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Illicium verum against antibiotic-resistant pathogens” byYang JF, Yang CH, Chang HW, Yang CS, Wang SM, Hsieh MC, Chuang LY., posted in PubMed(48). Other indicated that Essential oil of star anise (Bai Jiao Hui Xiang) has exhibited exhibited strong inhibitory effect against fungi, according to the study of “Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Illicium verum fruit and its main component trans-anethole” by Huang Y, Zhao J, Zhou L, Wang J, Gong Y, Chen X, Guo Z, Wang Q, Jiang W., posted in PubMed(49).
2. Black pepper and cardamom
In the investigation of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) and it immunomodulatory effects found that black pepper and cardamom extracts significantly enhance the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells by exerting immunomodulatory roles and antitumor activities, according to the study of “In vitro investigation of the potential immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activities of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)” by Majdalawieh AF, Carr RI.(50).
3. Da huang
In the investigation of the effects of Processing on antioxidation of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, found that the processed products of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati could scavenge superoxide radical (O2-.) generated through hypoxanthine-oxidase system and (.OH) generated through Fenton action, and inhibit lipid peroxidation induced by hydroxyl radical generation system, respectively. There existed significant differences among the different processed products, according to “[Effects of processing on antioxidation of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati].[Article in Chinese]” by Kong LD, Yang C, Qiu X.(51). Other in the investigation of twenty traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) for their antimicrobial activity against four common oral bacteria, found that thirteen TCMs demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis, including Cortex magnoliae officinalis, Cortex phellodendri, Flos caryophylli, Flos lonicerae japonicae, Fructus armeniaca mume, Fructus forsythiae suspensae, Herba cum radice violae yedoensitis, Herba menthae haplocalycis, Pericarpium granati, Radix et rhizoma rhei, Radix gentianae, Ramulus cinnamomi cassia and Rhizoma cimicifugae. Cortex phellodendri showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, while Radix et rhizoma rhei was effective against Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis. Fructus armeniaca mume had inhibitory effects against Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro, according to “Antimicrobial activity of Chinese medicine herbs against common bacteria in oral biofilm. A pilot study” by Wong RW, Hägg U, Samaranayake L, Yuen MK, Seneviratne CJ, Kao R.(52).
3. Long Kui
In the study to evaluate the Solanum nigrum fruit extract (SNFEt) for its antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activity against ethanol-induced toxicity in rats, in the lipid profiles, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), free fatty acids (FFA), and phospholipids were significantly elevated in the ethanol-induced group, whereas, the high density lipoproteins (HDL) were found to be reduced in the plasma, and the phospholipid levels were significantly decreased in the tissues. Supplementation of SNFEt improved the antioxidant status by decreasing the levels of TBARS and altering the lipid profiles to near normal(53). Other in the study to search for anti-HCV plants from different areas of Pakistan, found that Methanol and chloroform extracts of Solanum nigrum (SN) seeds exhibited 37% and more than 50% inhibition of HCV respectively at non toxic concentration. Moreover, antiviral effect of SN seeds extract was also analyzed against HCV NS3 protease by transfecting HCV NS3 protease plasmid into liver cells(54).
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Sources
(48) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20828316
(49) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030909
(50) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20210607
(51) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12528506
(52) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20418062
(53) http://www.phcog.com/article.asp?issn=0973-1296;year=2010;volume=6;issue=21;spage=42;epage=50;aulast=Arulmozhi
(54) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21247464
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