Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active
and produces too much thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism is a condition
in which the thyroid gland is under active and produces very little
thyroid hormones. Thyroid cancer is defined as condition in which the
cells in the thyroid gland have become cancerous.
Acute thyroiditis (Acute infectious thyroiditis or acute suppurative
thyroiditis) is defined as a condition of as a result of relatively high
amount of iodine in the tissue causes of microbial inflammatory
thyroiditis, pyrogenic thyroiditis and bacterial thyroiditis. Acute
infectious thyroiditis is very rare, accounting for about 0.1-0.7% of
all thyroiditis.
C.1. Diseases associated to Acute thyroiditis
1. Tonsillitis
There is a report of a case of a previously healthy, 28-year-old man
who, after being affected by tonsillitis, developed suppurative
thyroiditis complicated by thyrotoxicosis; a large abscess in the right
lobe of the thyroid extending to the thorax introitus, which caused a
trachea deviation and compressed large vessels; associated with internal
jugular vein thrombosis, and sepsis(17).
2. Bacterial throat infection
Thyroid abscesses are rare complications of neck infections. There is a
report of a case of a teenager who developed increasing neck pain and
swelling following treatment for a Streptococcus throat infection.
Imaging demonstrated a complex fluid collection in the left thyroid
lobe. Ultrasound guided aspiration was performed for diagnostic
purposes, yielding purulent fluid that grew multiple bacterial
species(18).
3. Thyroid papillary carcinoma
There is a report of a sixty-one-year-old female was admitted to our
hospital in October 1988 because of fever and a right neck mass
associated with redness and tenderness. The size of the thyroid mass had
gradually increased over 3 months. The histologic examination of the
resected thyroid revealed the coexistence of encapsulated follicular
adenoma, minute papillary carcinoma and chronic thyroiditis. There are
few reports of such a case having a combination of suppurative
thyroiditis, thyroid cancer and chronic thyroiditis observed in an
elderly female(19).
4. Esophageal carcinoma
there is a report of a 68 year old, previously well woman presented with
dysphagia, weight loss and a neck swelling. Investigations revealed a
right-sided thyroid abscess with fistulous connection to the upper of
two oesophageal carcinomas, a previously unreported association(20).
5. Laryngologic problem
There is a report of four cases of acute suppurative thyroiditis treated
in our department. Initial symptoms are similar to acute pharyngitis or
laryngitis but could end in fulminant course that could be life
threatening, according to the Klinika Otolaryngologii CMKP w
Warszawie(20a).
6. Graves’ disease and diabetes mellitus
There is a report of a diabetic woman with Graves’ disease in whom
thyrotoxicosis occurred after Klebsiella pneumoniae thyroiditis, with
relapse nine months after discharge. Thus, the patient’s thyrotoxicosis
might not have been caused simply from thyroid tissue destruction by
AST, but also as a result of enhancing autoimmune activity. In
diabetics, the impairment of chemotaxis and phagocytosis has been noted.
Therefore, diabetes mellitus (DM) might have been the precipitating
factor for this patient’s acquiring this unusual infection(20b).
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Sources
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22990644
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22470780
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8262271
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1437962
(20a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16521464
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22990644
(21a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19334391
(20b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9134826
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