Ginger (Zingiber
officinale) or ginger root is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the
family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil. It has been used in traditional
and Chinese medicine to treat dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation,
edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.
Health Benefits
1. Anxiety
In
the assessment of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and its effect in
reducing anxiety, found that -shogaol, 1-dehydro-6-gingerdione, and
particularly the whole lipophilic ginger extract (K(i)=11.6 microg/ml)
partially activate the 5-HT(1A) receptor (20-60% of maximal activation).
In addition, the intestinal absorption of gingerols and shogaols was
simulated and their interactions with P-glycoprotein were measured,
suggesting a favourable pharmacokinetic profile for the 5-HT(1A) active
compounds, according to "Identification of serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonists in ginger" by Nievergelt A, Huonker P, Schoop R, Altmann KH, Gertsch J.(1)
2. Anti Diabetes and hypoglycaemic effect
In
the evaluation of the hypoglycaemic potentials of ginger (Zingiber
officinale) with extract of raw ginger was administered daily (500
mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for a period of 7 weeks to streptozotocin
(STZ)-induced diabetic rats found that The STZ-injected rats exhibited
hyperglycaemia accompanied with weight loss, indicating their diabetic
condition. At a dose of 500 mg/kg, raw ginger was significantly
effective in lowering serum glucose, cholesterol and triacylglycerol
levels in the ginger-treated diabetic rats compared with the control
diabetic rats, according to "Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats" by Zainab M. Al-Amina, Martha Thomsona, Khaled K. Al-Qattana, Riitta Peltonen-Shalabya/and Muslim Alia(2)
3. Ovarian cancer
In
the identification of The effect of ginger and the major ginger
components on cell growth in a panel of epithelial ovarian cancer cell
lines found that in vitro, 6-shogaol is the most active of the
individual ginger components tested. Ginger treatment resulted in
inhibition of NF-kB activation as well as diminished secretion of VEGF
and IL-8 and concluded that Ginger inhibits growth and modulates
secretion of angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells. The use of
dietary agents such as ginger may have potential in the treatment and
prevention of ovarian cancer, according to "Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells" by Jennifer Rhode, Sarah Fogoros, Suzanna Zick, Heather Wahl, Kent A Griffith, Jennifer Huang, and J Rebecca Liu(3)
4. Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory effects
In
the classification of the effect of ginger extract on the expression of
NFκB and TNF-α in liver cancer-induced rats found that ginger extract
significantly reduced the elevated expression of NFκB and TNF-α in rats
with liver cancer. Ginger may act as an anti-cancer and
anti-inflammatory agent by inactivating NFκB through the suppression of
the pro-inflammatory TNF-α, according to "Ginger Extract (Zingiber Officinale) has Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Ethionine-Induced Hepatoma Rats"
by Shafina Hanim Mohd Habib,I Suzana Makpol, Noor Aini Abdul Hamid,
Srijit Das, Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah, and Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof (4)
5. Functional dyspepsia
In
the assessment of evaluate the effects of ginger on gastric motility
and emptying, abdominal symptoms, and hormones that influence motility
in dyspepsia found that Ginger stimulated gastric emptying and antral
contractions in patients with functional dyspepsia, but had no impact on
gastrointestinal symptoms or gut peptides, according to "Effect of ginger on gastric motility and symptoms of functional dyspepsia"
by Ming-Luen Hu, Christophan K Rayner, Keng-Liang Wu, Seng-Kee Chuah,
Wei-Chen Tai, Yeh-Pin Chou, Yi-Chun Chiu, King-Wah Chiu, and Tsung-Hui
Hu(5)
6. Wound healing
In
the investigation of topically treated with a combination of 10%
curcumin and 3% ginger extract (or with each agent alone) for a 21-day
period and its wound healing effect found that a combination of curcumin
and ginger extract might provide a novel approach to improving
structure and function in skin and, concomitantly, reducing formation of
non-healing wounds in “at-risk” skin, according to "A COMBINATION OF CURCUMIN AND GINGER EXTRACT IMPROVES ABRASION WOUND HEALING IN CORTICOSTEROID-DAMAGED HAIRLESS RAT SKIN"
by Narasimharao Bhagavathula, Ph.D., Roscoe L. Warner, Ph.D., Marissa
DaSilva, B.S., Shannon D. McClintock, B.S., Adam Barron, B.S., Muhammad
N. Aslam, M.D., Kent J. Johnson, M.D., and James Varani, Ph.D.(6)
7. Delay of diabetic cataract
In
the demonstration of antiglycating activity and ginger (Zingiber
officinalis) found that ginger was effective against the development of
diabetic cataract in rats mainly through its antiglycating potential and
to a lesser extent by inhibition of the polyol pathway. Thus,
ingredients of dietary sources, such as ginger, may be explored for the
prevention or delay of diabetic complications, according to "Antiglycating potential of Zingiber officinalis and delay of diabetic cataract in rats"
by Megha Saraswat, Palla Suryanarayana, Paduru Yadagiri Reddy,
Madhoosudan A. Patil, Nagalla Balakrishna, and Geereddy Bhanuprakash
Reddy(7)
(8) Osteoarthritis
In
the researches of the effect of ginger in patient with Osteoarthritis
suggested that nurses could consider this therapy as part of a holistic
treatment for people with osteoarthritis symptoms. Controlled research
is needed with larger numbers of older people to explore further the
effects of the ginger compress therapy, according to "Ginger compress therapy for adults with osteoarthritis' by Tessa Therkleson(8)
9. Anti bacteria (Helicobacter pylori)
In
the assessment of a standardized extract of ginger rhizome and the
effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori in vitro found that suggest
ginger extracts may be useful for development as agents to reduce H.
pylori-induced inflammation and as for gastric cancer chemoprevention,
according to "Standardized ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract
reduces bacterial load and suppresses acute and chronic inflammation in
Mongolian gerbils infected with cagA+Helicobacter pylori" Kristen Gaus, Yue Huang, Dawn A. Israel, Susan L. Pendland, Bolanle A. Adeniyi, and Gail B. Mahady(9)
10. Liver cancer
In
the investigation of the effect of ginger in ethionine induced rat
hepatocarcinogenesis found that ginger supplementation suppressed liver
carcinogenesis by scavenging the free radical formation, and by reducing
lipid peroxidation, according to "Chemopreventive Efficacy of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) in Ethionine Induced Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis" by
Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof, Norliza Ahmad, Srijit Das, Suhaniza Sulaiman, and Nor Azian Murad(10)
Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof, Norliza Ahmad, Srijit Das, Suhaniza Sulaiman, and Nor Azian Murad(10)
11. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Beside
with the potential to be used in treating liver cancer, ginger is found
to protect liver against Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),
according to "Potential efficacy of ginger as a natural supplement for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" by Amirhossein Sahebkar(11)
12. Rheumatoid Arthritis
In
the observation of crude ginger extract and its effect on joint
swelling in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis, streptococcal cell
wall (SCW)-induced arthritis, found that these data document a very
significant joint-protective effect of these ginger samples, and suggest
that non-gingerol components are bioactive and can enhance the
antiarthritic effects of the more widely studied gingerols, according to
"Comparative Effects of Two Gingerol-Containing Zingiber officinale Extracts on Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis"
Janet L. Funk, Jennifer B. Frye, Janice N. Oyarzo, mand Barbara N. Timmermann(12)
Janet L. Funk, Jennifer B. Frye, Janice N. Oyarzo, mand Barbara N. Timmermann(12)
13. Colon cancer
In
the classification of ginger extract and 6-gingerol and theirs effect
on colon cancer biology--cancer cell proliferation and angiogenic
potential of endothelial cell tubule formation, found that 6-gingerol
has two types of antitumor effects: 1) direct colon cancer cell growth
suppression, and 2) inhibition of the blood supply of the tumor via
angiogenesis. Further research is warranted to test 6-gingerol in animal
studies as a potential anticancer plant bioactive in the complementary
treatment of cancer, according to "Ginger's (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) inhibition of rat colonic adenocarcinoma cells proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro" by
Brown AC, Shah C, Liu J, Pham JT, Zhang JG, Jadus MR.
Brown AC, Shah C, Liu J, Pham JT, Zhang JG, Jadus MR.
14. Pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting
In
the assessing the evidence for or against the efficacy and safety of
ginger (Zingiber officinale) therapy for nausea and vomiting during
pregnancy found that Ginger may be an effective treatment for nausea and
vomiting in pregnancy. However, more observational studies, with a
larger sample size, are needed to confirm the encouraging preliminary
data on ginger safety, according to "Effectiveness and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting' by Borrelli F, Capasso R, Aviello G, Pittler MH, Izzo AA.(14)
15. Motion sickness
In
the evaluation of the antimotion sickness activity of ginger root
(Zingiber officinale) found that Ginger effectively reduces nausea,
tachygastric activity, and vasopressin release induced by circular
vection. In this manner, ginger may act as a novel agent in the
prevention and treatment of motion sickness, according to "Effects of ginger on motion sickness and gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias induced by circular vection" by Lien HC, Sun WM, Chen YH, Kim H, Hasler W, Owyang C.(15)
16. Etc.
Side effects
1.
The herb may interact with blood thinner medication, please consult
with your doctor iof you are currently yaking such medicine
2. Do not use the herb if you have ulcer or internal bleeding
3. Due to certain chemical compound, ginger may cause heartburn, diarrhea and irritation of the mouth
4. Do not use the herb, if you have gallstones, as this herb increases bile production
5. It may cause allergic effect
6. Do not use in case of yin deficiency or in stomach heat with vomiting, according to TCM
7. Etc.
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20363635(2) http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=928716.
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2241638/?tool=pmcentrez
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2664283/?tool=pmcentrez
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819156/?tool=pmcentrez
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2925903/?tool=pmcentrez
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984544/?tool=pmcentrez
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849670/?tool=pmcentrez
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816532/?tool=pmcentrez
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020385/?tool=pmcentrez
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2837120/?tool=pmcentrez
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19117330
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802416
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12576305
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