I. Dementia
A. About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some
form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that
age.
Dementia is the loss of mental ability that is severe enough to
interfere with
people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of
dementia
in aging people. American typical diet contains high amount of saturated
and trans fat, artificial ingredients with less fruits and vegetable
which can lead to dementia and other kind of diseases.
B. Multi-infarct dementia
Also known asvascular dementia , is the
second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease in older
adults. It is caused by different mechanisms all resulting in vascular
lesions in the brain. Major depression, depressed mood/anhedonia, and subjective and neurovegetative symptoms
of depression that were unaccompanied by depressed mood/anhedonia in
patients with clinically-diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multi-infarct dementia (MID), as separate entities in AD and MID(a).
II. Treatments of Multi-infarct dementia
There are no treatments which can reverse the damage to the brain caused
by small strokes, but the goal of the treatment is to control the
symptoms and reduce the risk factors to prevent future strokes. In order
to make the blood thinner to reduce the risk blood clot causes of
future stroke, your doctor may order
A. Medication
1. Plavix
Plavix tablets which is
rescription-only medicine that helps keep blood platelets from sticking
together and forming clots(2) with the main function to prevent blood
clotted causes of future stroke.
b. Side effects are not limit to
According to the article of Plavix Side Effects (b),
the author(s) wrote that Plavix has been studied thoroughly in clinical
trials, with more than 17,500 people having been evaluated. In these
studies, side effects are always documented and compared to those that
occur in a similar group of people not taking the medicine always documented and compared to those that occur in a similar
group of people not taking the medicine. The most common side effects of Plavix
(occurring in more than 2 percent of people and more often in the group
taking Plavix) include:
b.1. Major bleeding
b.2. Flu-like symptoms
b.3. Headache
b.4. Dizziness
b.5. Diarrhea
b.6. Upset stomach or indigestion
b.7. Bruising, Bloody nose
b.8. Unexplained rash
b.9. Itchy skin
b.10. Etc.
2. Antipsychotics (olanzapine, quetiapine)
a. Antipsychotic drugs effectively treat psychosis caused by a variety
of conditions (Table 1, including dementia). Psychotic symptoms are
classified as either positive or negative. Positive symptoms include
hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders (manifested by marked
incoherence, derailment, tangentiality), and bizarre or disorganized
behavior. Negative symptoms include anhedonia, flattened affect, apathy,
and social withdrawal(2).
b. Side effects are not limit to
B.1. Constipation,
b.2. Dry mouth and
b.3. Blurred vision
b.4. Sleepiness and slowness
b.5. Weight gain
b.6. Stiffness and shakines
b.7. Hormone change
b.8. Diabetes
b.9. Etc.
3. Serotonin-affecting drugs (trazodone, buspirone, or fluoxetine)
a. In the study to investigate of Ten patients with severe dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or multi-infarct dementia
(MID) or both, were treated with the precursor amino acids of the
neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine, conducted by Dr. Meyer JS and
the research team showed that analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid for
HVA and 5-HIAA before and after
the probenecid test indicated some improvement in the metabolic turnover
of these acid metabolites of serotonin and dopamine after
administration of their precursor amino acids(3).
b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Trembling
b.2. Blood-pressure changes
b.3. Confusion
b.4. Dizziness
b.5. Diarrhea and/or vomiting
b.6. Irregular heartbeat
b.7. Loss of coordination
b.8. Loss of bladder control
b.9. Etc.
4. Anti anticonvulsant
a. Scientists at the East Carolina University School of Medicine, reported that a patient with multi-infarct dementia
and associated hypomanic features was treated effectively with
clonazepam to control logorrhea, hyperactivity, agitation,
intrusiveness, and impulsive violence and to promote cooperation and
manageability(4).
b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Dizziness
b.2. Drowsiness
b.3. Unsteadiness
b.4. Nausea
b.5. Vomiting
b.6. Skin rashes
b.7. Etc.
5. Rivastigmine
In the study to determine the effects of rivastigmine on cognitive function, global
daily living performance, and behavioral disorders in VaD patients
versus an active control (nimodipine), stratifying patients according to
the type of VaD, subcortical vascular dementia (sVAD), and multi-infarct dementia (MID) at the University of Trieste, indicated that hat long-term treatment with rivastigmine, at dosages approved for
therapeutic use in Alzheimer's disease, produces significant improvement
in all behavioral symptoms in 2 forms of VaD, MID and sVaD, except
delusions. It also suggests that rivastigmine may enable a reduction in
concomitant neuroleptics and benzodiazepines in VaD, especially in MID(5).
b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Nausea and vomiting
b.2. Loss of appetite
b.3. Weight loss
b.4. Diarrhea
b.4. Dizziness
b.5. Drowsiness
b.6. Trembling
b.7. Etc.
B. Surgery
In case of sensory problems, surgery can be helpful.
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Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22164676
(1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clopidogrel
(2) http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0601/p2335.html
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/301148
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3252876
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18184948
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