Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Thursday 1 August 2019

Indicaxanthin Kills Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

The bowel formed a lower part of the digestive system consists of the small bowel (or small intestine) and the large bowel(colon and rectum).

The large bowel plays an essential role to absorb water, restore and remove waste.

Cancer is a class of medical condition caused alternation of cell DNA that starts on the surface of the inner lining of the tissue of a specific organ. Compared to a benign tumor, invasive tumor cells at the advanced stage can travel a distance away to infect other healthy tissue through blood and fluid circulation.

Colorectal Cancer is a medical condition caused by cell growth disorderly in the tissues of colon or rectum.

According to the statistics provided by the American Cancer Society in 2019, approximately
101,420 new cases of colon cancer and 44,180 new cases of rectal cancer will be diagnosed in the US.

Furthermore, the overall, lifetime risk colorectal cancer of developing is 1 in 22 (4.49%) for men and 1 in 24 (4.15%) for women.

Colorectal cancer is relatively very common and slowly growing and progressing cancer. It is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in developed countries, including the U.S. and Canada.

Most patients with colorectal cancer at the early stage are assymptomatic. However, at the advanced stage patients might experience symptoms of changes in bowel habits, narrow stools, constipation, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, intermittent, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, diverticulosis, peptic ulcer disease, abdominal pain, accompanied by the general symptoms shared by other types of cancer.

Conventionally, treatment of colorectal cancer is totally depending on the stage of cancer, including localized(0), regional (1) and distance spread cancer (2 - nearby tissue, 3 - spread to the lymph node, 4, spread to organs and tissues)

Most common types of colorectal cancer are Adenocarcinomas which are originated in the surface of the inner layer that line the cavities and organs of the body.

The onion is a plant in the genus Allium, belonging to the family Alliaceae, a close relation of garlic. It is often called the "king of vegetables" because of its pungent taste and found in a large number of recipes and preparations spanning almost the totality of the world's cultures.

Depending on the variety, an onion can be sharp, spicy, tangy, pungent, mild or sweet.
Indicaxanthin is phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments of Betacyanins, belongings to the group of Betalains found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

On finding a potent compound for the treatment of colorectal cancer, researchers examined the effect of the aqueous extract and of its betalain pigment indicaxanthin (Ind), on the proliferation of human colorectal cancer Caco-2 cells.

According to the tested assays, administration of whole extract and Ind exerted a strong activity to induce apoptosis and anti-proliferation at nutritionally relevant amounts, with IC50 400±25 mg fresh pulp equivalents/mL, and 115±15 μM (n=9), respectively at a dose-dependent manner.

More importantly, the inhibited of colorectal cancer cells by whole extract and Ind without causing toxicity for post-confluent differentiated cells.

In chemical analysis, Ind was found to account for ∼80% of the effect of the whole extract. Ind did cause oxidative stress in proliferating Caco-2 cells.

Furthermore, Ind was found to act as a de-methylation of the tumor suppressor p16(INK4a) gene promoter, in the activation of cell cycle arrest in the G2/M-phase in the tested cell line.

More precisely, Ind kills cancer cells by decreasing hyper-phosphorylated associated with cell cycle division and promoting hypo-phosphorylated associated with cell cycle arrest without alternating the cell division enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CD4).

Taken altogether, indicaxanthin may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Sources
(1) Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of whole extract and isolated indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica associated with re-activation of the onco-suppressor p16(INK4a) gene in human colorectal carcinoma (Caco-2) cells by Naselli F1, Tesoriere L1, Caradonna F1, Bellavia D1, Attanzio A1, Gentile C1, Livrea MA. (PubMed)

Antioxidant Indicaxanthin Prevent the Risk of Atheromas

By Kyle J. Norton

An atheroma, or atheromatous plaque ("plaque"), is an abnormal accumulation of plaque in the inner layer of the wall of an artery, found in most adults, a leading cause of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a condition caused by long-term plaques built-up on the wall of the arteries, leading to narrowing the arteries, a major cause of the cardiovascular disease (CVD)

CVD is a medical condition involved in blood vessels. CVD can be heart disease or stroke depending on the location of a blood clot which causes blockage of the blood flow in the artery.

According to the statistics provided by the Europeanean Hear Network, cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes 3.9 million deaths in Europe and over 1.8 million deaths in the European Union (EU) every year. In 2015, approximately, 11.3 million new cases of CVD in Europe and 6.1 million new cases of CVD in the EU were diagnosed.

Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.

Atheromatous plaques build-up in the arteries can be classified into several stages, including

* Stage 1 is the foam cells of macrophage and fatty deposits are localized on blood vessel walls.

* Stage 2 Type II is various thread-like fibers or filaments accumulated on the arterial wall.

* Stage 3 is connective tissue deposition on the arteries is thicker.

The stage 1-3 are most frequently found in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and who smoke.

* The stage 4 and 5 Type IV and V are conditions that the softer plaque with a thinner fibrous cap containing macrophages and smooth muscle cells are formed.

Atherosclerosis at the early stage is assymptomatic. However, in stage 4 and 5, patients may experience symptoms of chest pain, pain in your leg, arm, particularly in the area of a blocked artery, shortness of breath, fatigue muscle weakness due to reduce blood flow in the artery.

Indicaxanthin is phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments of Betacyanins, belongings to the group of Betalains found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

On finding a potent compound for the treament of atheromas, 7-Ketocholesterol (7-KC)-induced apoptosis of macrophages is considered a key event in the development of human atheromas.

In human atheromatous plaque-induced by the 7-Ketocholesterol (7-KC), researchers found that* The induction of atheromatous plaque within 24 h pf injection of 7-KC was associated with the induced cytotoxicity by elevating the expression of intracellular reactive oxygen species over basal levels.

* Furthermore, levels of preceding NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX-4) over-expression and elevation of cytosolic Ca²⁺ associated with an imbalanced ratio of free radicals and antioxidants were also induced by the administration of 7-KC.

* Moreover, the progressive depletion of total thiols that cause oxidative stress was also promoted by the 7-KC

* Additionally, the redox-sensitive NF-κB involved in the inhibition of oxidation was also de-promoted by 7-KC activation.

* Co-incubation of 2·5 μm of Ind not only completely prevented 7-KC-induced pro-apoptosis in the tested cells but also decreased the parameters that lead to the risk of atheromas.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "( Indicaxanthin( a highly bioavailable dietary phytochemical, may exert protective effects against atherogenesis toxicity of 7-KC at a concentration of nutritional interest".

Taken altogether, indicaxanthin may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of atheromas, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Sources
(1) Phytochemical indicaxanthin suppresses 7-ketocholesterol-induced THP-1 cell apoptosis by preventing cytosolic Ca(2+) increase and oxidative stress by Tesoriere L1, Attanzio A, Allegra M, Gentile C, Livrea MA. (PubMed)

Cranberry Inhibits the Risk and Symptoms of Bladder Cystitis

By Kyle J. Norton

The bladder formed part of the secretary system is a muscular sac in the pelvis, just above and behind the pubic bone, playing a critical role for collect and secret urine made by the kidneys.

Cystitis is a medical condition associated with inflammation of the bladder, leading to the symptoms of bladder irritation and swelling. Women are prone to the condition compared to men.

Bladder cystitis or bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is a chronic syndrome associated with pelvic pain urgency and frequency. The condition is not considered a disease due to the difficulty to rule out all differential diagnosis only from history.

Most common cause of the bladder cystitis is bacterial infection involved in the urinary tract. However, radiotherapy, long-term use of certain medicines and hygiene products have also been found to induce bladder inflammation.

Most common symptoms of cystitis are frequent urge to urinate, urge to urinate after you’ve emptied your bladder, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, pain during sexual intercourse and sensations of pressure or bladder fullness.

In serious cases, patients may also experience symptoms of fever, blood in your urine and cramping in your abdomen or back.

Conventionally, antibiotics are the first line of treatment for bladder cystitis, if the bacteria that cause the infection has been identified.

Most cases of acute cystitis are treated by nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) accompanied by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) to reduce pain and inflammation.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of prostate diseases, researchers examined the effect of highly standardized cranberry capsules (containing 72 mg proanthocyanidins [PACS]) compared with that of placebo capsules on the incidence and severity of radiation cystitis.

In a total of 41 men with prostate cancer participated in a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled study, taking one capsule a day at breakfast during treatment and for 2 weeks after treatment completion, researchers, according to the tested analysis found that

Cranberry capsules show a significantly reduced incidence of cystitis to 65% compared to placebo capsules of 90%.

The severe cystitis is only present in 30% of men in the cranberry arm and 45% of the placebo.

Overall, the incidence of pain/burning is significantly lower in the cranberry compared to placebo.

Additionally, cranberry injection shows less pain/burning, stronger urine stream and used significantly fewer pads/liners, in men on the low hydration regimen comapred to those on the high hydration regimen.

Based on the findings, researchers concluded. "Men receiving radiation therapy for prostate cancer may benefit from using cranberry capsules, particularly those on low hydration regimens or with baseline urinary symptoms".

Taken altogether, cranberry may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of cystitis.in prostate cancer patients, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Sources
(1) Standardized cranberry capsules for radiation cystitis in prostate cancer patients in New Zealand: a randomized double blinded, placebo controlled pilot study by Hamilton K1, Bennett NC, Purdie G, Herst PM. (PubMed)
(2) Cranberry and recurrent cystitis: more than marketing? by Micali S1, Isgro G, Bianchi G, Miceli N, Calapai G, Navarra M. (PubMed)

Healthy Food Cranberry, the Best in the Promotion of Oral Health

By Kyle J. Norton

Oral health is a process or activity that protect the oral cavity against diseases by regular brushing of the teeth and cleaning between the teeth.

Gingivitis or gingival inflammation is one of the most common conditions of oral inflammation of the gum caused by overexpression of plaques accumulated on your teeth that irritate the gingiva. Over times, the gum of infected person has become swollen and bleed easily.

In severe cases, the condition can lead to periodontal disease, inducing tooth decay or loss of the tooth.

Most of the cases of gingivitis are associated with poor hygiene, particularly in people who smoke.
Gingivitis can be reversed by following a good oral health habit, including brushing at least twice a day, flossing daily and getting regular dental checkups.

Other causes of the oral problem are poor diet and hygiene, trauma, stress, alcohol use, and use of illegal substances.

However, chronic diseases also are found to induce poor oral health, including diabetes.

Most common symptoms of gingivitis including swollen gums with dusky red or dark red color and bleeding easily when brush or floss, particularly breath-breath.

According to the statistics provided by the CDC, smoking is an important cause of severe gum disease in the US.

Some researchers suggested that long-term oral infection can place the patients at risk of certain chronic disease.

Dr. Xiaojing Li, and colleagues wrote, "Recently, it has been recognized that oral infection, especially periodontitis, may affect the course and pathogenesis of a number of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, and low birth weight".

And, "Periodontitis as a major oral infection may affect the host's susceptibility to systemic disease in three ways: by shared risk factors; subgingival biofilms acting as reservoirs of gram-negative bacteria; and the periodontium acting as a reservoir of inflammatory mediators".

Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belongings to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of oral disease, researchers examined the effect of cranberry extracts on oral health, including dental caries and protection against periodontitis.

Cranberry fraction enriched in high molecular weight polyphenols from the A non-dialysable extract showed to inhibit cariogenic and periodontal pathogenic bacteria.

Diseases associated with oral inflammatory response and enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix was also reduced upon the application of cranberry fraction.

Furthermore, according to tested differentiation, Cranberry components found in the extract also inhibited acid production, attachment, and biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans.

Glucan-binding proteins associated with dental caries pathogen, extracellular enzymes secreted by the cell involved in a bacterial trait, and bacterial hydrophobicity were also affected by cranberry components.

In periodontal diseases, the cranberry fraction also exerted similarly aforementioned effects such as the host inflammatory responses, production, and activity of enzymes.

The findings strongly suggested that cranberry components found in cranberry worked synergistically, for the prevention and/or treatment of oral diseases, particularly in those of high molecular weight bioactive molecules.

Taken altogether, cranberry may be considered a remedy for the promotion of oral health, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Sources
(1) Potential oral health benefits of cranberry by Bodet C1, Grenier D, Chandad F, Ofek I, Steinberg D, Weiss EI. (PubMed)
(2) Characterization of non-dialyzable constituents from cranberry juice that inhibit adhesion, co-aggregation and biofilm formation by oral bacteria by Neto CC1, Penndorf KA, Feldman M, Meron-Sudai S, Zakay-Rones Z, Steinberg D, Fridman M, Kashman Y, Ginsburg I, Ofek I, Weiss E. (PubMed)
(3) Systemic Diseases Caused by Oral Infection by Xiaojing Li,1,* Kristin M. Kolltveit,1 Leif Tronstad,2 and Ingar Olsen. (PMC)

Phytochemical Alliin Balances the Ratio of Free Radicals and Antioxidants Levels

By Kyle J. Norton

Oxidative stress is a medical condition caused by a long-term imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants in the body.

In other words, overexpression of free radicals and depletion of antioxidant enzymes produced by the host body are the most common cause of oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress occurs when the abundant and unstable free radicals start a chain reaction by stealing or donating their unpaired electrons in the outermost ring to stable atoms, leading to a cascade that cannot be stopped until all electrons are paired or inhibited by antioxidant.

Oxidative stress is dealy to oxidized protein, lipid and cause cell damage that have been linking to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.

Certain risk factors such as unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking, an unhealthy diet with fewer fruits and vegetables, certain medical conditions such as chronic inflammatory disease and environmental factors such as pollution and radiation have linked to the onset of oxidative stress.

Believe it or not, people with a weakened immune system are more prone to oxidative stress compared to a healthy individual. Therefore, intake of antioxidants from the dietary sources may be necessary.

Dr. JA Knight in the investigation of free radicals, antioxidants, and immune system wrote, " oxidative stress may be detrimental in acquired immunity by activation of nuclear factor kappa B, which governs gene expression involving various cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules, among others"

And "antioxidant supplementation essentially reverses several age-associated immune deficiencies, resulting in increased levels of interleukin-2, elevated numbers of total lymphocytes and T-cell subsets, enhanced mitogen responsiveness, increased killer cell activity, augmented antibody response to antigen stimulation, decreased lipid peroxidation, and decreased prostaglandin synthesis".

Alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine-S-oxide) is a phytochemical compound sulfoxide,. a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, belonging to the class of sulfur compounds, found abundantly in fresh garlic and onion.

With an aim to find a potential compound for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, scientists investigated the effects of garlic active compounds, diallyl disulfide (DADS), diallyl sulfide (DAS) and alliin against Dengue virus (DENV).

Based on the tested assays, alliin reduced inflammation and affected the oxidative stress response by blocking the immune system response involved in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines against the oxidative stress.

Furthermore, in cancer cells, pretreatment of alliin exerted a toxic effect on several mammalian cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner.

In other words, alliin demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells by killing them before they can reproduce.

More precisely, alliin-induced cancer cell apoptosis by increasing caspase-3 expression, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest, ROS generation, GSH depletion.

The findings suggested that alliin modulated oxidative stress (the production of antioxidant and free radicals) depending on the body needs without causing harm to the healthy cells.

Taken altogether, alliin may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, depending on the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of alliin in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) In situ allicin generation using targeted alliinase delivery for inhibition of MIA PaCa-2 cells via epigenetic changes, oxidative stress and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) expression by Chhabria SV1, Akbarsha MA, Li AP, Kharkar PS, Desai KB. (PubMed)
(2) Garlic Organosulfur Compounds Reduce Inflammation and Oxidative Stressduring Dengue Virus Infection by Hall A1, Troupin A2, Londono-Renteria B3, Colpitts TM4. (PubMed)
(3) Review: Free radicals, antioxidants, and the immune system by JA Knight. (Annual of Clinical & Laboratory Science)

Artichoke, the Potential Anti Mesothelioma Remedy, According to Researchers

By Kyle J. Norton

Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops from the thin layer of tissue known as the mesothelium.

Most cases of mesothelioma are found on the lining of the lungs and chest wall, compared to other organs. Pleural mesothelioma is a cancer of the pleural lining of the lung.

Exposure to asbestos which has been banned is one of the most common causes of the disease. Some researchers suggested that inhaling asbestos can cause mesothelioma in many ways, including
* Induced chronic low-grade inflammation of mesothelial cells as the immune system can not completely drive out the fibers that cause damage to the lung, leading to the compromise.

* Long-term exposure of the asbestos can suppress the genes associated with limited cell cycle division and tumor suppression

* Long-term exposure are also found to alter the cell DNA, leading to cancer.

According to statistic, 2000 to 3,000 people are diagnosed with mesothelioma each year in the United States. The asbestos risk of pleural mesothelioma is in the range of 2 to 10 percent.

Most cases of malignant mesothelioma are closely associated with past occupational exposure.

However, asbestos is found persistently in our natural and built environments.

Besides most common cancer symptoms, patients with pleural mesothelioma at the advanced stage may also experience symptoms of dry cough or wheezing, shortness of breath (dyspnea), respiratory complications and pain in the chest or abdomen.

Some patients may also develop pleural effusion (fluid around the lungs), fever or night sweats, fatigue, and muscle weakness

Artichoke is a perennial thistle of Cynara cardunculus species of the Cynara genus, belonging to the family Carduoideae native to Southern Europe around the Mediterranean.

The herbal plant has been used in traditional medicine as a liver protective and detoxified agent, and for the treatment of digestive disorders, abdominal pain gas and bloating, etc.

In the concern of the malignant pleural mesothelioma, a poorly treated neoplasia by conventional medicine, arising from the pleural mesothelial lining, researchers examined leaf extract of Cynara scolymus in vitro and in vivo.

The study included tMSTO-211H, MPP-89 and NCI-H28 mesothelioma cell lines and untransformed mesothelial cells HMC, treated with increasing concentrations (ranging from 3 to 200 μg/ml) of artichoke leaf extract for 72 hrs.

Injection of the leaf extract not only inhibited strongly the cell proliferation but also affected the migration and tumor engraftment in the mesothelioma cell lines.

More precisely, MSTO-211H cells treated with the artichoke extract showed a change in the cellular morphology both in a short-term assay, compared to more resistant more resistance in the HMC cells.

In MSTO-211H, MPP-89 and NCI-H28 cells, injection of artichoke leaf extract inhibited the formation of cancer cell colony.

Astonishingly, dietary feeding with Cynara scolymus leaf extract showed a similar inhibition against the growth of mesothelioma xenografted tumors comparable to those of pemetrexed.

Where pemetrexed is a chemo medicine used for the treatment of cancer, including mesothelioma.

Dr. Claudio Pulito and colleagues suggested, "leaf extract of Cynara scolymus holds therapeutic potential for the treatment of mesothelioma".

Taken altogether, artichoke leaf extract may be considered a functioning remedy for the prevention and treatment of mesothelioma, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Cynara scolymus affects malignant pleural mesothelioma by promoting apoptosis and restraining invasion by Pulito C1, Mori F1, Sacconi A2, Casadei L3, Ferraiuolo M2, Valerio MC3, Santoro R1, Goeman F2, Maidecchi A4, Mattoli L4, Manetti C3, Di Agostino S2, Muti P5, Blandino G2,5, Strano S. (PMC)

Collard Greens Inhibits the Fat Accumulation in Obese Patients

By Kyle J. Norton

Obesity is a chronic condition characterized by excess body fat has accumulated over time. People with a BMI of over 30 is considered obese.

Similarly, overweight is a condition of excess body weight relative to height. People with a BMI ranged from 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight.

According to the statistics, 68% of the American population is either overweight or obese. Obesity has been found to induce adverse effects nearly every system of the human body, leading to increased risk of numerous diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Furthermore, the rate of obesity in the US and Canada continues to climb at an alarming rate, leading to significant burdens to the country economy and health care system.

Epidemiologically, most common symptoms of obesity are breathlessness, increased sweating, inability to cope with physical activity, feeling very tired every day, back and joint pains, low confidence, and self-esteem and feeling isolation

According to the CDC, most common complications associated with obesity are coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, cancer of breast, colon, endometrial, gallbladder, kidney, and liver and sleep apnea.

Currently, there is no effective treatment of the disease. However, some researchers suggested that combat the powerful environmental factors that influence eating and physical activity may be the best approach to reduce the risk of obesity.

Bariatric surgery is used as an option for management that causes a reduction in the amount of food you are or a reduction in the absorption of calories from the food you eat, or both.

The surgery has been proposed to patients with extreme obesity (BMI of 40 or higher) due to weight-induced a serious weight-related health problem, such as diabetes or high blood pressure.

Furthermore, this type of surgery has posted a serious risk of many patients if the commitment of making lifelong changes in the eating and exercise habits cannot be followed through.

Collard Green is a species of Brassica Oleracea, belongings to the family Brassicaceae with unknown origin. Today, the plant is cultivated commercially for its thick, slightly bitter edible leaves.

With an aim to find a natural food for the prevention and treatment of obesity, researchers examined the effect of sulforaphane found abundantly in collard greens.

In a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in C57BL/6N mice which were fed a normal diet (ND), HFD or HFD plus 0.1% sulforaphane (SFN) for 6 weeks, researchers found that SFN administration not only attenuated HFD-induced visceral adiposity that stored around a number of important internal organs such as the liver, pancreas and intestines, adipocyte hypertrophy associated with an enlargement of adipose tissue but also ameliorated fat accumulation in the liver.

Furthermore, SFN decreased the elevated levels of serum total cholesterol and leptin, and liver triglyceride in HFD-SFN-fed mice compared to HFD-fed mice.

SFN also inhibited the expression of a gene associated with the promotion of inflammation in the adipose tissue of HFD-SFN mice and increased the adiponectin function in regulating glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown.

Moreover, reductase expression associated with the production of cholesterol was decreased and an antibody associated with fatty acid utilization was increased in lycopene treat group compared with HFD-fed mice.

Taken altogether, collard green processed abundantly SFN may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of obesity, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of SFN in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Potential effects of sulforaphane to fight obesity by Martins T1, Colaço B1,2, Venâncio C1,2, Pires MJ1,3, Oliveira PA1,3, Rosa E1, Antunes LM. (PubMed)
(2) Sulforaphane attenuates obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis and activating the AMPK pathway in obese mice by Kyeong-Mi Choi, Youn-Sun Lee, Wonkyun Kima, Seung Jung Kimb, Kyong-Oh Shina, Ji-YeonYuc, Mi Kyeong Lee, Yong-Moon Lee, Jin Tae Honga, Yeo-PyoYuna, Hwan-SooYooa. (Science Direct)