Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Tuesday 17 April 2018

Fennel May Improve Your Heart Functioning Naturally and Permanently, Studies Showed

Kyle J. Norton

Fennel may have a potential and positive effect in improvement of cardiovascular activity, some scientists suggested.

The results of vascular and cardiovascular protective effect were reported by numbers of universities including the Birzeit University and published on online medical literature.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean, used in traditional and herbal medicine as warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...

Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fiber
3. Protein
4. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
5. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
6. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
7. Pantothenic acid (B5)
8. Vitamin B6
9. Folate (Vitamin B9)
10. Vitamin C
11. Calcium
12. Copper
13. Iron
14. Magnesium
15. Molybdenum
16. Phosphorus
17. Potassium
18. Zinc

In the study to investigate the vascular effects of aqueous extracts of Foeniculum vulgare leaves in pentobarbital-anaesthetised rats, researchers found that intravenous administration of the lyophilized boiled water extract exerted a significant dose-related reduction in arterial blood pressure, without affecting the heart rate or respiratory rate in compared to histamine antagonists.

However, application of non-boiled aqueous extract showed very little hypotensive activity.

Contrast to the conventional medicine histamine antagonists, the hypotensive effect of the boiling water extract appeared not to be mediated by adrenergic, muscarinic, ganglionic or serotonergic receptors.

Furthermore, in the examine the cardiovascular effect of main component of the oil, anethole isolated from on tested guinea pig fennel oil in inhibited arachidonic acid, collagen-, ADP- and U46619-induced aggregation, researchers found that application of anethole displayed comparable NO-independent vasorelaxant activity at anti platelet concentrations.

Anethole also prevented thrombin-induced clot retraction at concentrations similar to fennel oil in comparison of U46619-induced aggregation (IC(50) from 4 to 147 microg ml(-1)). These results were confirmed in tested mice with application F. vulgare essential oil and anethole in a subacute treatment of 30 mg kg(-1)day(-1) for 5 days.

F. vulgare essential oil and anethole also showed significant antithrombotic activity in prevented paralysis induced by collagen-epinephrine intravenous injection with 70% and 83% protection, respectively.

In rat model, both F. vulgare essential oil and anethole (100 mg kg(-1) oral administration) provided significant protection toward ethanol induced gastric lesions.

After taking into account of other co and confounders, togther with the collected information Dr. Tognolini M, the lead author said, " F. vulgare essential oil, and its main component anethole, a safe antithrombotic activity that seems due to their broad spectrum antiplatelet activity, clot destabilizing effect and vasorelaxant action".

Further to re assess other cardiovascular activity of Foeniculum vulgare L, researchers at the UFR Physiologie-Pharmacologie, launched an investigation to compared the effects of Marrubium vulgare L. and Foeniculum vulgare L. in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Interestingly, oral application of Foeniculum extract exerted lowered the systolic blood pressure of SHR without induced change of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY).

These results was probably associated to function of Foeniculum in increased water, sodium and potassium excretion.

More importantly, Foeniculum extract hypertensive efficacy was decreased substantially in rat and mice presented with N-nitro-L-arginine.

The results indicated that fennel demonstrated the vascular protective activity as a diuretic and a natriuretic.

Taken together, Fennel and its essential oil and bioactive compound anethole may be considered as a function substance in promote cardiovascular and vascular activity, particularly in animal models with high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Intake of fennel extract should be taken with extreme care as overdoses may induce liver toxicity.

Monday 16 April 2018

How to Normalize Your High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol and Sugar Quickly and Permanently, According to PubMed

By Kyle J. Norton

Add a portion of dried peas in your daily diet will normalize the levels of High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol and Glucose, according to PubMed.

Hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are most prevalent modifiable risk factors for development of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and stroke.

Dried pea is a small but nutritionally mighty member of the legume family, genus Pisum belongings to the family Fabaceae with healthy source of proteins, fibers, vitamins and minerals.

The Nutrients and Chemical constituents
1. Carbohydrates
2. Dietary fiber
3. Fat
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A ( Beta carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin)
6. B vitamins
7. Vitamin C
8. Calcium
9. Iron
10. Magnesium
11. Phosphorus
12. Potassium
13. Zinc
14. Chemical constituents include saponin pisatin, L-pipecolic acid, glycoside-Pisatoside, tocopherols, cerebroside,....

1. The Effects of Dried Peas on High Blood Pressure
Hypertension is a chronic condition characterized by abnormal high blood pressure.

According to the Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, daily intake of fiber has emerged not only to prevent and treat various types of chronic diseases.but also reduced risk of hypertension.

Dr. Anderson JW, the led author said, "Dried beans, oat products, and certain fruits and vegetables are good sources of soluble fiber" and "Current guidelines advise a doubling of dietary fiber intake for Americans. Inclusion of ample servings of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and dried beans and peas will help individuals meet these guidelines".

Additionally, in the examined iineralocorticoid excess-treated mice with a control diet, high-fiber diet, or acetate supplementation researcher found that high fiber diet not only modified the gut microbiota populations and also increased the abundance of acetate-producing bacteria independently of mineralocorticoid excess and reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures.

Dr. Marques FZ, the led researcher said, "The favorable effects of fiber may be explained by the generation and distribution of one of the main metabolites of the gut microbiota, the short-chain fatty acid acetate. Acetate effected several molecular changes associated with improved cardiovascular health and function".

These result demonstrated a significant effect of fibers intake in promoted health gut microbiota in regulating molecular changes associated with improved risk factor related to cardiovascular health and function, including blood pressure.

Other, in the examined cross-sectional studies of dietary intake as one of the major determinants in hypertension development and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension and the risk of incident hypertension in a large cohort study including incidence of hypertension among 80 426 French adults, researchers at the joint study led by the Paris-Descartes University found that
1. During a mean follow-up of 3.4±2.1 years, 2413 cases of incident hypertension were documented
2. Fiber intake displayed a strong effect in reduced risk of hypertension with relative odd risk of 0.81 in compared to the baseline.
3. Adopting a global healthy diet associated to several nutritional factors intake may be one of the best solution in reduced hypertensive incidence.

2. The Effects of Dried Peas on High Blood Cholesterol

Hyperlipidemia is a condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood stream.

In a study of 173 women and men, with a mean body mass index of approximately 36 kg m(-2) (one-fifth with diabetes type 2) randomizedly assigned to a high-fibre bean-rich diet that achieved mean (SD) fibre intakes of 35.5 (18.6) g day for women and 42.5 (30.3) g day for men, or a low-carbohydrate diet, researchers found that
1. High bean fiber intake showed a better weight loss and weight control in compared to low carbohydrate diet group.
2. Intake of bean fiber group expressed a significant decreased of Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels in compared to other group.

Dr. Tonstad S, the led author said, "A high-fibre bean-rich diet was as effective as a low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss, although only the bean-rich diet lowered atherogenic lipids".

Additionally, in dyslipidemia rats study to evaluate the effects of grain-bean package, dietary fiber (DF) extracted from grain-bean package, and DF from grain corn on the blood lipids and fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in high-fat, high-cholesterol feeding by randomly assigned into normal control group, hyperlipidemia model group, grain-bean package group, grain-bean package DF group and grain corn group, researchers after adjusting to other risk factors filed the following results
1. Rats in hyperlipidemic model group showed a increased total cholesterol (TC), triglyceridaemia (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG) in compared to groups
2. In compared to hyperlipidemic model group, grain-bean package group, grain-bean package DF group, expressed significantly decreased total cholesterol (TC), triglyceridaemia (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose and significantly increased HDL-C levels.

The results of these findings demonstrated that dietary fiber can improve blood lipids levels indyslipidemic subject, decrease FAS activity and regulating SREBP-1c mRNA in glucose metabolic expression.

3. The Effects of Dried Peas on High Blood Glucose

Hyperglycemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormal high levels of glucose circulated in the blood stream.

Dried peas, a good sources of protein and fiber, is one of many rich-protein recommended for vegetarian.

Together with a low glycemic index, the peas may be considered as a high-fiber foods for daily carbohydrate intake in prediabetes.

Evidences of studies showed that a low-glycemic load meal containing psyllium soluble fiber is significantly improves the breakfast postprandial glycemic, insulinemic in adults with Type 2 DM.

In the study to compare the glycemic and insulinemic responses to 3 different meals based on dried peas, potatoes, or both in patients with type 2 diabetes, intake of the pea meal expressed a significant in tine delay of the increased postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, in compared to other meal.

Since carbohydrates counting in dried peas have been disregarded, the nutrient dried peas should be included in the consumption of low-glycemic, high-fiber foods at the expense of high-glycemic, low-fiber foods for prediabetes.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Health benefits and practical aspects of high-fiber diets by Anderson JW1, Smith BM, Gustafson NJ.(PubMed)
(2) High-Fiber Diet and Acetate Supplementation Change the Gut Microbiota and Prevent the Development of Hypertension and Heart Failure in Hypertensive Mice by Marques FZ1, Nelson E2, Chu PY2, Horlock D2, Fiedler A2, Ziemann M2, Tan JK2, Kuruppu S2, Rajapakse NW2, El-Osta A2, Mackay CR2, Kaye DM1(PubMed)
(3) Individual and Combined Effects of Dietary Factors on Risk of Incident Hypertension: Prospective Analysis From the NutriNet-Santé Cohort by Lelong H1, Blacher J2, Baudry J1, Adriouch S1, Galan P1, Fezeu L1, Hercberg S1, Kesse-Guyot E1.(PubMed)(4) A high-fibre bean-rich diet versus a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity by Tonstad S1, Malik N, Haddad E.(PubMed)
(5) [Effect of grain-bean package, grain-bean package dietary fiber and single whole grain dietary fiber on dyslipidemia rats].[Article in Chinese] by Liu Y, Zhai C, Sun G, Zhang H, Jiang M, Zhang H, Guo J, Lan X.(PubMed)
(6) Evaluation of a high-fiber diet in hyperlipidemia: a review by Ullrich IH.(PubMed)(7) Effects of breakfast meal composition on second meal metabolic responses in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus by Clark CA, Gardiner J, McBurney MI, Anderson S, Weatherspoon LJ, Henry DN, Hord NG.(PubMed)
(8) Comparison of the effects of dried peas with those of potatoes in mixed meals on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes by Schäfer G, Schenk U, Ritzel U, Ramadori G, Leonhardt U.(PubMed)

Sunday 15 April 2018

Green Tea Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) Induced 11 Health Benefits, 6 Interactions and 4 Crucial Side Effects

Green tea containing highest amount of antioxidants than any drink or food with the same volume, is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone minimal oxidation during processing and originated from China.

The leaves are precious drinks in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years.

Because of their health benefits, green tea is cultivated for commercial purposes all over the world.

Epigallocatechin, including catechins, is a phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in green tea, St John wort, black Tea, carob flour, Fuji apples, etc.

A. Medical Benefits

1. Anti-Breast Cancer Activities
In the testing the hypothesis that administration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol present in abundance in widely consumed tea, and its inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in breast cancer, found that treatment with combination of radiotherapy and EGCG feeding for 2-8 weeks to in vitro cultures of highly-metastatic human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells resulted in the following significant changes: (1) suppression of cell proliferation and invasion; (2) arrest of cell cycles at the G0/G1 phase; (3) reduction of activation of MMP9/MMP2, expressions of Bcl-2/Bax, c-Met receptor, NF-κB, and the phosphorylation of Akt. MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to 5-10 µM EGCG also showed significant augmentation of the apoptosis inducing effects of γ-radiation, concomitant with reduced NF-κB protein level and AKT phosphorylation, according to "Anti-Cancer Activities of Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Breast Cancer Patients under Radiotherapy" by Zhang G, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wan X, Li J, Liu K, Wang F, Liu Q, Yang C, Yu P, Huang Y, Wang S, Jiang P, Qu Z, Luan J, Duan H, Zhang L, Hou A, Jin S, Hsieh TC (1)

2. Anti cancers
In the review and outline the wide range of mechanisms by which epigallocatechin gallate (ECGC) and other green and black tea polyphenols' inhibition of cancer cell found that EGCG reduced dihydrofolate reductase activity, which would affect nucleic acid and protein synthesis. It also acted as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor an-tagonist by directly binding the receptor's molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90. In conclusion, green and black tea polyphenols act at numerous points regulating cancer cell growth, survival, and metastasis, including effects at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels, according to "Mechanisms of cancer prevention by green and black tea polyphenols" by Beltz LA, Bayer DK, Moss AL, Simet IM.(2)

3. Anti-atherosclerotic effects
In the localization and target sites of tea catechins underlying their biological activity including anti-atherosclerotic activity, found that ECg could suppress the gene expression of a scavenger receptor CD36, a key molecule for foam cell formation, in macrophage cells. These results, for the first time, showed the target site of a tea component ECg in the aorta and might provide a mechanism for the anti-atherosclerotic actions of the catechins, according to "(-)-Epicatechin gallate accumulates in foamy macrophages in human atherosclerotic aorta: implication in the anti-atherosclerotic actions of tea catechins" by Kawai Y, Tanaka H, Murota K, Naito M, Terao J.(3)

4. Inflammatory effects
In the determination of the up-regulated expressions of IL-8 or PGE(2) in Streptococci or PAMP-stimulated HDPF were inhibited by catechins, (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). In TLR2 ligand-stimulated HDPF, found that catechins might be useful therapeutically as an anti-inflammatory modulator of dental pulpal inflammation, according to "Tea catechins reduce inflammatory reactions via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in toll-like receptor 2 ligand-stimulated dental pulp cells" by Hirao K, Yumoto H, Nakanishi T, Mukai K, Takahashi K, Takegawa D, Matsuo T.(4)

5. Cardiovascular diseases
In the identification of green tea catechins and its lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases, found that green tea catechins, particularly (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, interfere with the emulsification, digestion, and micellar solubilization of lipids, critical steps involved in the intestinal absorption of dietary fat, cholesterol, and other lipids. Based on the observations, it is likely that green tea or its catechins lower the absorption and tissue accumulation of other lipophilic organic compounds, according to "Green tea as inhibitor of the intestinal absorption of lipids: potential mechanism for its lipid-lowering effect" by Koo SI, Noh SK.(5)

6. Antiviral activities
In the observation of Catechin derivatives including (-)-epicatechin gallate(ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and green tea extract (GTE) and theirs inhibition of the activities of cloned human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT), duck hepatitis B virus replication complexes reverse transcriptase (DHBV RCs RT), herpes simplex virus 1 DNA polymerase (HSV-1 DNAP) and cow thymus DNA polymerase alpha (CT DNAP alpha, found that GCG exerts a mixed inhibition with respect to external template inducer poly (rA).oligo (dT) 12-18 and a noncompetitive inhibition with respect to substrate dTTP for HIV-1 RT. Bovine serum albumin significantly reduced the inhibitory effects of catechin analogues and GTE on HIV-1 RT. In tissue culture GTE inhibited the cytopathic effect of coxsackie B3 virus, but did not inhibit the cytopathic effects of HSV-1, HSV-2, influenza A or influenza B viruses, according to "[The inhibitory effects of catechin derivatives on the activities of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerases].[Article in Chinese]" by Tao P.(6)

7. Metabolic syndrome
In the investigation of Tea catechins, including the gallate esters of catechins, (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). in reducing serum cholesterol concentrations and suppressing postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia in experimental animals and humans, found that tea catechins and heat-treated tea catechins with the galloyl moiety improve lipid metabolism and contribute to the prevention of the metabolic syndrome, according to "Multifunctional effects of green tea catechins on prevention of the metabolic syndrome" by Ikeda I.(7)

8. Cognitive effects
in the examination of examined whether long-term administration of green tea catechins [Polyphenon E (PE): 63% of epigallocatechin-3-gallate, 11% of epicatechin, 6% of (-)-epigallocatechin and 6% of (-)-epicatechin-gallate] prevents cognitive impairment in an animal model of AD, rats infused with Abeta1-40 into the cerebral ventricle, found that rats with preadministered PE had higher ferric-reducing antioxidation power of plasma as compared with the Vehicle group. Our results suggest that long-term administration of green tea catechins provides effective prophylactic benefits against Abeta-induced cognitive impairment by increasing antioxidative defenses, according to "Green tea catechins prevent cognitive deficits caused by Abeta1-40 in rats" by Haque AM, Hashimoto M, Katakura M, Hara Y, Shido O.(8)

9. Cholesterol
In the examination of the influence of green tea extract, epicatechin (EC), epicatechin galate (ECG) as well as epigallocatechin galate (EGCG) on oxidative modifications of LDL of human blood serum, found that Catechins and green tea abilities to protect lipophilic antioxidant--alpha-tocopherol against oxidation have been also examined. The results reveal that peroxidation of LDL is markedly prevented by green tea extract and in a slightly weaker way by catechins (EGCG in particular), which is manifested by a decrease in concentration of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, MDA, dityrosine and by an increase in tryptophan content, according to "The comparison of effect of catechins and green tea extract on oxidative modification of LDL in vitro" by Ostrowska J, Skrzydlewska E.(9)

10. Anti diabetes
In the observation of the effect of tea catechins (epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epicatechin (EC)) on markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and membrane -SH group) in erythrocytes from type 2 diabetics, found that tea catechins protect erythrocytes from t-BHP-induced oxidative stress, the effect being more pronounced in diabetic erythrocytes. The relative effectiveness of individual catechins are in the order of EGCG>ECG>EGC>EC. 7. We hypothesise that a higher intake of catechin-rich food by diabetic patients may provide some protection against the development of long-term complications of diabetes, according to "Protective role of tea catechins against oxidation-induced damage of type 2 diabetic erythrocytes" by Rizvi SI, Zaid MA, Anis R, Mishra N.(10)

11. Antioxidants
In the evaluation of the effects of the main polyphenolic components extracted from green tea leaves, i.e. (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA), against free radical initiated peroxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL), found that The antioxidative action of the green tea polyphenols includes trapping the initiating and/or propagating peroxyl radicals with the activity sequence EC>EGCG>ECG>EGC>GA for the AAPH initiated peroxidation, and reducing the alpha-tocopheroxyl radical to regenerate alpha-tocopherol with the activity sequence of ECG>EC>EGCG>EGC>GA and ECG>EGCG>GA>EC>EGC for the AAPH-initiated and BP-photosensitized peroxidations respectively, according to "Antioxidative effects of green tea polyphenols on free radical initiated and photosensitized peroxidation of human low density lipoprotein" by Liu Z, Ma LP, Zhou B, Yang L, Liu ZL.(11).

B. Interactions
1. Oxidation
Risk of oxidation increased with air contact as humidity and temperature may enhanced EGCG degradation(12).

2. Optimized Extract Efficacy
In order to optimize the EGCG efficacy, intake the extract at least 30 min before breakfast and dinner(13).

3. Interaction with Hard Waters
Hard Waters containing elevated amounts of calcium, magnesium and other metals may affect the digestive absorption of EGCG(14).

4. Vitamin C
Intake EGCG with vitamin C may improve the extract bioavailability(15).

5. Omega 3 Fatty Acid
Intake EGCG with Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may enhance the extract bioavailability(16)

6. Piperine
Intake EGCG with Piperine may increase the efficacy of the extract through enhancing digestive absorption(13).

C. Side Effects
1. Anxiety
Intake of EGG may increased risk of anxiety, therefore people who are taking the anxiolytic medicine should avoid to inject EGCG(17).

2. Hypoglycemic Effect
Intake of EGCG may lower blood sugar, therefore people with low blood glucose should avoid to drink green tea and intake of the extract(18).

3. Anemia
EGCG is an iron inhibitor, therefore people with iron deficiency anemia should avoid intake of EGCG(19).

4. Liver and Kidney Toxicity
Over dose of EGCG may induce toxicity to both liver and kidney(20)

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Sources

(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22280355

(12) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21495730
(13) http://www.hunstein-egcg.de.
(14) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21228463

(15) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20161530/

(16) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20096749/

(17) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16859659/

(18) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16950602/

(19) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11029010/

(20) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16389263/

(21) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3189735/

Friday 13 April 2018

New: The Natural CD4+ T cells Inhibitor in Immunoregulatory Activity

Arnica may have a therapeutic effect in enhanced immune function, some scientists suggested.

The results of the analysis were conducted by numbers of respectable university, including the University Medical Center Freiburg, and published on several medical online literature.

Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belongings to the family Asteraceae, antive to Europe and Asia, used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.
Wound healing is process of repairing after damage of skin, tissues, organs, etc.

The ingredients
Helenalin, chamissonolid, Sesquiterpene lactone, lignans of the furofuran, dibenzylbutyrolactone, dibenzylbutyrolactol types, pinoresinol, epipinoresinol, phillygenin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, and nortracheloside, six dibenzylbutyrolactol derivative.

In the investigation to compare Anise tinctures and sesquiterpene lactones (SL), the secondary plant metabolites isolated from of Arnica, anti-inflammatory effects in inhibited expression of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation, researchers found that application of Arnica tinctures and SL potently suppressed NF-kappaB activation and IL-12 production in dendritic cells at high concentrations but has immunostimulatory effects at low concentrations.

The nuclear factor NF-κB pathway is considered as a prototypical proinflammatory signaling pathway and IL-12 is an immune response signaling pathway in response to antigenic stimulation.

Furthermore, in contrast to general belief, application of Arnica tinctures exerted a effect in suppressed contact hypersensitivity to sensitizer trinitrochlorobenzene and activation of dendritic cells.

These result indicated that herbal Anise inhibits induction of contact hypersensitivity through its anti-inflammatorily immunosuppressive effect via immune regulation.

In impairing protein and DNA synthesis, injection of helenalin also displayed a deregulated and unwanted T cell-mediated immuneresponses, through induced apoptosis in activated CD4+ T cells, by triggering the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.

CD4+ T cells expression is a displaying CD4 molecules on their surface induced by glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells in sending signals to T helper cells to initiate immune pro inflammatory response to the infectious site.

More precisely, helanalin deactivated production of CD4+ T cells through inhibition of proliferation by G2/M cell cycle arrest accompanied by the accumulation of cell cycle regulator proteins.

Further examination also found that helenalin injection enhanced function of p53 in inhibited CD4+ T cells cycle division through its ability as a tumor suppression as well as increased expression of reactive ogygen species in facilitated cytotoxicity.

Moreover, helenalin also de activated CD4+ T cells expression by suppressed nuclear translocation of NFATc2 with function in response to the activation of CD4+ T cells.

Dr. Berges C1, the lead author, at the end of the experiment said, "helenalin can be defined as a new immunosuppressive compound suited for the treatment of deregulated and unwanted T cell-mediated immune responses".

The evidences of the collection suggested that Arnica and its bioactive compound helenalin may be considered as functional herb in improved immune function. However, intake of Arnica extract and supplement should be taken with extreme care as toxicity was found in case of overdose.

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory mechanisms prevent contact hypersensitivity to Arnica montana L by Lass C1, Vocanson M, Wagner S, Schempp CM, Nicolas JF, Merfort I, Martin SF.(PubMed)
(2) Differential effects of Helenalin, an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone, on the proteome, metabolome and the oxidative stress response in several immune cell types by Zwicker P1, Schultze N1, Niehs S2, Albrecht D3, Methling K2, Wurster M2, Wachlin G3, Lalk M2, Lindequist U1, Haertel B4.(PubMed)
(3) Helenalin suppresses essential immune functions of activated CD4+ T cells by multiple mechanisms by Berges C1, Fuchs D, Opelz G, Daniel V, Naujokat C.(PubMed)

Thursday 12 April 2018

Grape Seed Extract Induced 11 Health Benefits and 3 Critical Adverse-Effects, According to PubMed

Grape is a woody vines of the genus Vitis, belong to the family Vitaceae, native to southern Turkey.
A. Quoted From The World Most Popular Herbs

Grape Seed Extract is the commercial extracts from whole grape seeds that contains many concentrations, including vitamin E, flavonoids, linoleic acid, oligomeric proanthocyanidins(OPCs), etc..The herb has been used in traditional medicine as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agents and to treat skin wounds with less scarring, allergies, macular degeneration, arthritis, enhance circulation of blood vessels, lower cholesterol, etc.

A. Health Benefits
1. Ulcer
in the comparison of effects of Grape Seed Extract (GSE) and vitamins C and E on aspirin- and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and associated increases of lipid peroxidation in rats, found that GSE protected against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers more effectively than VC or VE, while its protection against aspirin ulcers was comparable for all treatments. GSE produced the greatest reductions of gastric MDA in both models, according to" Effects of grape seed extract, vitamin C, and vitamin e on ethanol- and aspirin-induced ulcers" by Cuevas VM, Calzado YR, Guerra YP, Yera AO, Despaigne SJ, Ferreiro RM, Quintana DC.(1)

2. Pulmonary fibrosis
in assessment of grape seed extract (GSE) or vitamin E (Vit E) as antioxidants in effecting oxidative stress implication in the pathogenesis of silica-induced lung fibrosis indicated that according to the results of this study GSE could reduce the fibrogenic effect of silica. However; no synergistic effect was observed after co-administration of GSE and Vit E, according to "A comparative study of grape seed extract and vitamin E effects on silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats" by Hemmati AA, Nazari Z, Samei M.(2)

3. Liver protective effect
In the observation of the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX), a widely used cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent, and its liver protective effect found that GSE was supplemented, no significant changes in blood count parameters were noted. It appears that GSE protects the rat liver and inhibits methotrexate-induced oxidative stress. These data indicate that GSE may be of therapeutic benefit when used with MTX, according to "Role of grape seed extract on methotrexate induced oxidative stress in rat liver" by Cetin A, Kaynar L, Kocyigit I, Hacioglu SK, Saraymen R, Ozturk A, Sari I, Sagdic O.(3)

4. Antioxidant Activity
in the assessment of phenolic content, antioxidant activity of White and red wines spiked with green tea extract and grape seed extract found that the green tea extract and grape seed extract increased antioxidant activity dose-dependently and the CRTs varied considerably between the Korean and Australian groups, with Koreans preferring wines spiked with green tea extract and Australians showing a preference for wines spiked with grape seed extract, according to "Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity and Cross-Cultural Consumer Rejection Threshold in White and Red Wines Functionally Enhanced with Catechin-Rich" by Yoo YJ, Saliba A, Prenzler PD, Ryan DM.(4)

5. Skin Photoprotection
In the study of polyphenols distributed in plant foods, such as, fruits, vegetables, nuts, flowers, bark and seeds, etc., found that the selected polyphenols include: green tea polyphenols, pomegranate fruit extract, grape seed proanthocyanidins, resveratrol, silymarin, genistein and delphinidin. The new information on the mechanisms of action of these polyphenols supports their potential use in skin photoprotection and prevention of photocarcinogenesis in humans, according to "Polyphenols: Skin Photoprotection and Inhibition of Photocarcinogenesis" by Afaq F, Katiyar SK.(5)

6. Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries
In the evaluation of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) protects against renal I/R injury found that GSPE significantly reduced increases in urea, creatinine and cystatin C; increased kidney superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione peroxidase levels and reduced malondialdehyde levels. GSPE reduced histological renal damage and nuclear factor-κB activity. These results suggest that GSPE reduces renal dysfunction and injury caused by renal I/R, according to "Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Reduces Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries in Rats" by Wei R, Ding R, Wang Y, Tang L.(6)

7. Anticancers
a. In the reviews of Grapes and grape-based products as one such class of dietary products and its cancer chemopreventive potential, indicated that Overall, completed studies from various scientific groups conclude that both grapes and grape-based products are excellent sources of various anticancer agents and their regular consumption should thus be beneficial to the general population, according to "Anticancer and cancerchemopreventive potential of grape seed extract and other grape-based products" by Kaur M, Agarwal C, Agarwal R.(7a)

b. In the study of the biological and chemopreventive activities of grapeseed polyphenols and its inhibition of either initiation or promotion/progression stages of carcinogenesis found that suggest that the chemopreventive activity of polyphenols extracted from seedless grapecultivars was as effective as that of the seeded variety and these may have beneficial effects in disease states, especially cancer, according to "Antitumor-promoting effects of polyphenolic extracts from seedless and seeded Indian grapes" by Ramchandani AG, Karibasappa GS, Pakhale SS.(7b)

8. Colon Cancer
In the investigation of polyphenols of grape waste and its protection against human diseases related to oxidative stress, such as colorectal cancer, found that the grape extract has a significant antiproliferative effect in a tumor cell line. These data indicate that grape extract is a promising product to be used as an anti-free radical agent and could exert a chemopreventive action, according to "Grape waste extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction contains bioactive antioxidant molecules and induces antiproliferative effects in human colon adenocarcinoma cells" byLazzè MC, Pizzala R, Gutiérrez Pecharromán FJ, Gatòn Garnica P, Antolín Rodríguez JM, Fabris N, Bianchi L.(8)

9. Prostate cancer
In the analyzing the bioflavonoids from Grape seed extract (GSE) and theirs effect on prostate cancer (PCA) found that that GSE possibly causes mitochondrial damage leading to cytochrome c release in cytosol and activation of caspases resulting in PARP cleavage and execution of apoptotic death of human PCA DU145 cells. Furthermore, GSE-caused caspase 3-mediated apoptosis also involves other pathway(s) including caspase 9 activation, according to "Grape seed extract induces apoptotic death of human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells via caspases activation accompanied by dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release" by Agarwal C, Singh RP, Agarwal R.(9)

10. Atherosclerosis
in the association of consumption of red wine and other polyphenolic compounds and prevention of cardiovascular diseases found that aortic atherosclerosis evaluated as the cholesterol content in aortic tissue was comparable in the control and GSE-dosed females, but it was significantly reduced in the abdominal part of GSE-dosed male compared to the controls (P < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding GSE extract to Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits had no significant effects in females but was associated with transient less hypercholesterolemic response to semisynthetic diet, according to "Effects of red grape skinand seed extract supplementation on atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits" by Frederiksen H, Mortensen A, Schrøder M, Frandsen H, Bysted A, Knuthsen P, Rasmussen SE.(10)

11. Arthritis (CIA)
in the examination of whether grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) effect on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice found that GSPE dose-dependently suppressed osteoclastogenesis in vitro. GSPE significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide production by anti-CD3-monoclonal-antibody-stimulated CD4+ splenocytes. These results indicate that intraperitoneal injection of GSPE attenuated CIA in mice. GSPE may be useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, according to "Grapeseed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) attenuates collagen-induced arthritis" by Cho ML, Heo YJ, Park MK, Oh HJ, Park JS, Woo YJ, Ju JH, Park SH, Kim HY, Min JK.(11).

B. Side Effects

1. Digestive discomforts, such as recurrent nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and acute weakness(12)

2. Grape seed extract may induce a decrease in the concentrations of plasma copper, iron and zinc(13)

3. Intake of the extract may cause imbalance of intestinal microflora and interference with gut morphology(14)

(12) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25688637

(13) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23031407

(14) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21325227

Wednesday 11 April 2018

Pomegranates Consumers: Enjoy 20 Health Benefits But Beware of 3 Critical Adverse-Effects, According to PubMed

By Kyle J. Norton

Pomegranates, cultivated in Asian since ancient time. is a fruit-bearing small tree, genus Punica, belongings to family Lythraceae, native to Iran.

I. Nutrients
1. Dietary fiber
Daily intake of right amount of fibers can prvent and treat
a. Diabetes, as Increased consumption of vegetables, whole grains, and soluble and insoluble fiber is associated with improved glucose metabolism in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis were more evident in participants following a plant-based diet compared with other commonly used diets, according to the study of "Efficacy of high-fiber diets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus" by Wolfram T, Ismail-Beigi F.(1)

b. Cholesterol and cardiovascular diseases, as the soluble fiber content of legumes and vegetables has also been shown to decrease LDL-C. Current investigations continue to explore this area in depth and examine potential synergies between dietary fiber and other phytochemicals that may lower cholesterol, according to the study of "Effects of soluble dietary fiber on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk" by Bazzano LA.(2)
2. Protein
3. Thiamine (vitamin B1)
4. Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
5. Niacin (vitamin B3)
6. Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)
7. Vitamin B6
8. Folate (vitamin B9)
9. Vitamin C
10. Calcium
11. Iron
12. Magnesium
13. Phosphorus
14. Potassium
15. Zinc
16. Etc.

II. Health Benefits
A. Health benefits according to researches
[1]. Anti - Cancers
In the investigation of phytochemicals and pomegranate extracts of the fruit of the Punica granatum (pomegranate) and theirs antioxidant effects found that due to the action of ellagic acid, the main polyphenol in pomegranate. In this mini review the effects of pomegranate extracts and ellagic acid on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells and their future potential are discussed, according to "Ellagic acid, pomegranate and prostate cancer -- a mini review" by Bell C, Hawthorne S.(a)

[2] Antiproliferative, [3]apoptotic and [4] antioxidant activities
In the assessment of polyphenols including punicalagin, the major fruit ellagitannin, and ellagic acid (EA) of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits juice (PJ) and its antioxidant and anti-atherosclerotic activities found that Pomegranate juice showed greatest antiproliferative activity against all cell lines by inhibiting proliferation from 30% to 100%. At 100 microg/ml, PJ, EA, punicalagin and TPT induced apoptosis in HT-29 colon cells. However, in the HCT116 colon cells, EA, punicalagin and TPT but not PJ induced apoptosis. The trend in antioxidant activity was PJ>TPT>punicalagin>EA. The superior bioactivity of PJ compared to its purified polyphenols illustrated the multifactorial effects and chemical synergy of the action of multiple compounds compared to single purified active ingredients, according to "In vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin, ellagic acid and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found in pomegranate juice" by Seeram NP, Adams LS, Henning SM, Niu Y, Zhang Y, Nair MG, Heber D.(b)

[5]. Osteoarthritis
In the evaluation of extract of omegranate and its effect on p38-MAPK which is a major signal-transducing pathway in osteoarthritis (OA) concluded that our results provide an important insight into the molecular basis of the reported cartilage protective and arthritis inhibitory effects of pomegranate extract. These novel pharmacological actions of PE on IL-1β stimulated human OA chondrocytes impart a new suggestion that PE or PE-derived compounds may be developed as MKK and p38-MAPK inhibitors for the treatment of OA and other degenerative/inflammatory diseases, according to "Pomegranate extract inhibits the interleukin-1β-induced activation of MKK-3, p38α-MAPK and transcription factor RUNX-2 in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes" by Rasheed Z, Akhtar N, Haqqi TM.(c)

[6]. Rheumatoid arthritis
In the analyzing the Pomegranate extract (POMx) and its effect on the incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice, found that pomegranate consumption reduced DAS28 in RA patients, and this effect could be related to the antioxidative property of pomegranates. Dietary supplementation with pomegranates may be a useful complementary strategy to attenuate clinical symptoms in RA patients, according to "Consumption of pomegranate decreases serum oxidative stress and reduces disease activity in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study" by Balbir-Gurman A, Fuhrman B, Braun-Moscovici Y, Markovits D, Aviram M.(d)

[7]. Obesity
In the research of evaluate the effect of pomegranate juice on insulin secretion and sensitivity in patients with obesity found that Pomegranate juice administration for 1 month did not modify insulin secretion and sensitivity in patients with obesity; however, the natural evolution to increased weight and adiposity was halted, according to "Effect of pomegranate juice on insulin secretion and sensitivity in patients with obesity" by González-Ortiz M, Martínez-Abundis E, Espinel-Bermúdez MC, Pérez-Rubio KG.(e)

B. Health benefits according to concentration
[8]. Dietary fiber
Daily intake of right amount of fibers can prvent and treat
a. Diabetes, as Increased consumption of vegetables, whole grains, and soluble and insoluble fiber is associated with improved glucose metabolism in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis were more evident in participants following a plant-based diet compared with other commonly used diets, according to the study of "Efficacy of high-fiber diets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus" by Wolfram T, Ismail-Beigi F.(1)

[9]. Cholesterol and [10] cardiovascular diseases, as the soluble fiber content of legumes and vegetables has also been shown to decrease LDL-C. Current investigations continue to explore this area in depth and examine potential synergies between dietary fiber and other phytochemicals that may lower cholesterol, according to the study of "Effects of soluble dietary fiber on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk" by Bazzano LA.(2)

[11]. Vitamin C
In the evaluation of pulmonary dysfunction. and it effects on pulmonary dysfunction found that At present, evidence from randomised-controlled trials is insufficient to recommend a specific role for vitamin C in the treatment of asthma. Further methodologically strong and large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed in order to address the question of the effectiveness of vitamin C in children with asthma but some outcome data showed effectiveness on lung function, symptom scores, IgE levels and inhaled steroid use. One small study showed a significant difference in % drop in FEV1 post-exercise, according to the study of "Vitamin C supplementation for asthma" by Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(3)

[12]. Folate
Folate beside is important for the production of red blood cells, and for the proper development of the brain, it also helps to enhance the replication and maintain DNA and RNA, thus reducing the risk of birth defects, in a study of "Go folic!" by Bland J., posted in PubMed, researchers state that in order to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs), and proactively prevent new cases of spina bifida and hydrocephalus, it is essential that women take folic acid well before becoming pregnant. Through the use of social networks, and the voice of healthcare professionals, it is hoped that more women than ever before will receive the Go Folic! message and start taking the 400mcg/day required to ensure the development of a healthy brain and spine.

[13]. Vitamin B5
Vitamin B5 not only plays an important role in speeding wound healing , according to ""Role of pantothenic and ascorbic acid in wound healing processes: in vitro study on fibroblasts" by Lacroix B, Didier E, Grenier JF.,(4), but also enhances the healing of diabetic ulceration, according to "Safety and efficacy of a new honey ointment on diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective pilot study" by Abdelatif M, Yakoot M, Etmaan M.(5)

[14]. Vitamin B1
Vitamin B1 beside is important supplement used to treat inflammatory diseases, according to ""Protective role of benfotiamine, a fat-soluble vitamin B1 analogue, in lipopolysaccharide-induced cytotoxic signals in murine macrophages" by Yadav UC, Kalariya NM, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV.,(6), but also p;revent the risk of diabetic complication, according to "The potential role of thiamine (vitamin B1) in diabetic complications" by Thornalley PJ.(7)

[15]. Phosphorus
Phosphorus forms an important part of the process related to growth and maintenance of bones and teeth, according to the study of "Alterations in phosphorus, calcium and PTHrP contribute to defects in dental and dental alveolar bone formation in calcium-sensing receptor-deficient mice" by Sun W, Sun W, Liu J, Zhou X, Xiao Y, Karaplis A, Pollak MR, Brown E, Goltzman D, Miao D.(8)

C. Other Health benefits
[16]. Coronary heart disease
In the study of pomegranate juice consumption and its effects on coronary heart disease found that in subjects at moderate coronary heart disease risk, pomegranate juice consumption had no significant effect on overall CIMT progression rate but may have slowed CIMT progression in subjects with increased oxidative stress and disturbances in the TG-rich lipoprotein/HDL axis, according to "Effects of consumption of pomegranate juice on carotid intima-media thickness in men and women at moderate risk for coronary heart disease" by Davidson MH, Maki KC, Dicklin MR, Feinstein SB, Witchger M, Bell M, McGuire DK, Provost JC, Liker H, Aviram M.(I)

[17]. Cardiovascular health
In the classification of pomegranate juice consumption and its antioxidant effect on cardiovascular health found that some antioxidants have been shown to reduce blood pressure, the purpose of this review was to discover the effect of pomegranate juice consumption on blood pressure and cardiovascular health. Pomegranate juice consumption may reduce systolic blood pressure, inhibits serum ACE activity, and is convincingly a heart-healthy fruit [Aviram M, Dornfeld L. Pomegranate juice consumption inhibits serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity and reduces systolic blood pressure, according to "The effects of pomegranate juice consumption on blood pressure and cardiovascular health" by Stowe CB.(II)

[18]. Diabetes
In the research of pomegranate consumption and its effect on diabetes found that despite a similar level of energy intake, HF mice had a greater concentration of leptin and a lower concentration of adiponectin compared to HF + POMo mice. POMo intake was associated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity, suggesting that risk of developing type 2 diabetes may have been reduced; however, CVD risk did not change., according to "Pomegranate seed oil consumption during a period of high-fat feeding reduces weight gain and reduces type 2 diabetes risk in CD-1 mice" by McFarlin BK, Strohacker KA, Kueht ML.(III)

[19]. Catechins

Catechin, a polyphenol found abundantly in Pomegranates has exerted its antioxidant effect in reducing the risk of forming of free radicals, according to "Catechins and procyanidins in berries of vaccinium species and their antioxidant activity" by Määttä-Riihinen KR, Kähkönen MP, Törrönen AR, Heinonen IM.(IV)

[20]. Kidney Protective effect
In the investigation of the effect of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on HCBD-induced nephrotoxicity
found that PSO clearly attenuated HCBD-induced nephrotoxicity, but explanation and mechanism of this protection need further explorations, according to "Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil on hexachlorobutadiene-induced nephrotoxicity in rat kidneys" by Bouroshaki MT, Sadeghnia HR, Banihasan M, Yavari S.(V)

Beware of these Side Effects
1. Allergies to pomegranate may occur but are very rare, according ti the study, Mannitol contained in pomegranate has been identified as causing IgE-mediated hypersensitivity (*)

2. Pomegranates may interact with certain types of medication, through through activation of liver enzyme, please make sure you talk to your doctor if you are taking certain medication(*).

3. Whole pomegranate fruit extract may induce a genetic risk(*)

Sources

(*) Is pomegranate juice a potential perpetrator of clinical drug-drug interactions? Review of the in vitro, preclinical and clinical evidence y Srinivas NR(PubMed)

(*) Efficacy and Safety of Pomegranate Medicinal Products for Cancer by Christian Vlachojannis, 1 Benno F. Zimmermann, 2 , 3 and Sigrun Chrubasik-Hausmann(PMC)

Tuesday 10 April 2018

Better Than Chemo Cisplatin in Inhibited Onset and Gene Expression in Induction of Colon Cancer, According Online Medical Literature

Kyle J. Norton

Arnica may have a profound and therapeutic effect in ameliorated risk and treatment of colon cancer, some scientists suggested.

The results of the investigation were carried out by some respectable institutes, including the University of São Paulo and the University of Münster, and published on online medical literature.

Colon cancer is a medical condition characterized by cell growth irregularly and uncontrollably in the colon tissue. At the later stage, the cancerous cells may travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissue.

Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belongings to the family Asteraceae, antive to Europe and Asia, used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.
Wound healing is process of repairing after damage of skin, tissues, organs, etc.

The ingredients
Helenalin, chamissonolid, Sesquiterpene lactone, lignans of the furofuran, dibenzylbutyrolactone, dibenzylbutyrolactol types, pinoresinol, epipinoresinol, phillygenin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, and nortracheloside, six dibenzylbutyrolactol derivative.

In the study to re confirm the use of technique in detected the early stage of colon cancer through examine the expression of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colon rectal mucosal epithelial cell proliferation researchers at the the University of São Paulo conducted a experiment of 50 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 5 groups, as indicated below

* Groups G1 to G4 were given 4 injections of the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)

* The G2 group received Lychnophora ericoides (LE) extracts for 6 wk.

* The groups G3 and G4 received LE for 4 wk and 2 wk, respectively, at the postinitiation and initiation phases of colonic carcinogenesis. The group G5 was the control.

Observation at the 42th day after the first injections of DMH for the neoplasic induction, found that Arnica treatment group (LE), including G2, 3 and 4 demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and an reduction of cell proliferation induced by DMH.

These indications suggested that Arnica consisted a protective influence on the process of colon carcinogenesis, through suppressing both the initiation and the promotion of colonic carcinogenesis.

Furthermore, in the reexamine the cytotoxic activity of phytochemical compound isolated from Arnica, against COLO 320, a human colorectal cancer cell line using the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, researcher found that isolated flavonoids showed moderate to low cytotoxicity, in compared to the reference compound cisplatin at 2.9 microM.

Cisplatin is a conventional chemo medication used to treat a number of cancers.

In 2 hours of injection, sesquiterpene lactones, helenalin at dose of 1.0 microM, possessing both the reactive alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone moiety and a reactive alpha,beta-unsubstituted cyclopentenone ring, displayed the strongest cytotoxicity against the tested colon cell line in compared to other compounds.

In compared to tested GLC4, a human small cell lung carcinoma cell line, COLO 320 was more sensitive to many flavonoids (especially for flavones), but more resistant to the cytotoxic effect of the sesquiterpene lactones.

Interestingly, in the evaluation of Arnica effect in deregulation of c-myb expression involved in the development of human tumors, especially certain types of leukemia and breast and colon cancer, researchers indicated that application of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Arnica suppress Myb-dependent gene expression with potential anti-colon cancer activity with the IC50 values were in a range between 0.7 and >30 μM.

C-myb is a members of terminal domain with function in regulated the expression of hematopoiesis, cell proliferation, and differentiation in tumorigenesis.

In compared to other isolated bioactive compounds, furanoheliangolide goyazensolide and the pseudoguaianolide helenalin acetate with IC50 = 0.6 and 0.7 μM, respectively, represented the most active inhibitors of c-Myb dependent gene expression.

Observed by the control measurements for cell viability (MTS assay), researchers also found that c-Myb dependent gene expression is not a function of cytotoxicity/unspecific cell damage.

All these results indicated that Arnica processed a significant effect in prevented early onset, progression and treatment of colon cancer through it bioactive compounds in inhibited onset of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colon rectal mucosal epithelial cell and colon cancer cells proliferation and gene expression in risk of colon cancer.