Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Monday 8 February 2016

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Top vitamins according to Herbal and TCM medicine

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis is defined a chronic disorder as a result of inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body. The disease affects more women than men and generally occurs after the ages of 40, causing diminished quality of life of many elders(1). According to CDC, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affects over 52 millions of adults in the US alone, including 294,000 children under age 18 with some form of arthritis or rheumatic conditions(2). Rheumatoid Arthritis can induced bone loss through elevating bone resorption without increasing bone formation(4). A cross-sectional population-based study of 1042 patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed that RA patients had an increased risk of death from various causes(4a).

The Treatment

B. Treatment in herbal and traditional Chinese medicine
B.3. The Preventive Minerals and Vitamins

2. Top vitamins for rheumatoid arthritis
Free radical scavengers such as vitamins plays an essential role in reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritis
due to their effects in attenuate the expression of free radical and pro inflammatory cytokines(271)(272)
2.1. Vitamin A
According to the Imam Reza Hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, antioxidant including vitamin A are found to consist a clinical outcomes and oxidative stress in RA(274).
Patient with rheumatoid arthritis are accompanied with the over expression of the levels of serum leptin and other related cytokines, Dr. Xiong RB and the research team at the Southern Medical Universit said, " VitA.....significantly reduced the levels of leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP and the ESR(Pro inflammatory cytokines) and significantly increased the levels of IL-10 ( limiting autoimmunity and inflammatory responses),.... (of that) may provide a novel approach for the treatment of RA"(273).. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a biologic key metabolite of vitamin A, showed to suppress the clinical and histologic signs of arthritis in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model through downregulated the expression of RANK and prevented white blood cell from differentiating into osteoclasts, causing RA( 275).

2.2. Vitamin C
Dietary vitamin C did significantly influence on growth performance and immune response, according to epidemiological studies(276)(277).

Maintaining the balance between pro oxidant and antioxidant levels such as vitamin C and uric acid are important to prevent the insult of free radicals in rheumatoid arthritis, according Dr. Mahajan M and the research team at the Govt. Medical College suggested(278).
Dr Al-Okbi SY said" the majority of nutraceuticals studied possess beneficial effect toward chronic inflammatory diseases,.....anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutraceuticals may serve as complementary medicine for the management of RA(279).

2.3. Vitamin E
Vitamin A similar to vitamin A are found to consist a clinical outcomes and oxidative stress (274)which has been found to play an important role in the inflammation and parthenogenesis of RA(283).
According to studies, diets containing fish oil and vitamin E not only showed a significant pain reduction in patients but also induced a positive effect on autoimmune disease by decreasing proinflammatory cytokines and lipid mediator(280). In the rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), oral adminsitration of δ-tocotrienol (10 mg/kg) induced a significant impact in lowering paw edema, through it anti inflammatory effects(281).

2.4. Vitamin D
Vitamin D receptor (VDR), best known for its function in variety of metabolic disorders and in regulation of inflammation, is found to associate to the risk of RA(284), through its expression on reduced risk for FLS-mediated cartilage and bone invasion and erosions by attenuating the pro inflammatory cytokines induced osteoclasts. Vitamin D deficiency is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of which induced pain, fatigue, and limited physical activity as well as poor quality of life(285).
Dr. Kostoglou-Athanassioul and the research team at the Red Cross Hospital, said," vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with RA, .......may be linked to disease severity in RA. As vitamin D deficiency has been linked to diffuse musculoskeletal pain, these results have therapeutic implications"(286).

2.5. Vitamin K
Vitamin K, another vitamin is found to plays an important role as an anti-inflammatory nutrient in bone metabolism(287). According to the cross-sectional study of a total of 158 female RA patients (mean age 62.5 years), oral administration VitK2 significant decreased serum CRP, and inhibited the proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). in a dose-dependent manner(288).

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

References

(271) Antioxidants and antiinflammatory dietary supplements for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis by Rosenbaum CC1, O'Mathúna DP, Chavez M, Shields K.(PubMed)
(272) The antioxidant vitamins A, C, E and selenium in the treatment of arthritis: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials by Canter PH1, Wider B, Ernst E.(PubMed)

(273) Effects and mechanisms of vitamin A and vitamin E on the levels of serum leptin and other related cytokines in rats with rheumatoid arthritis by Xiong RB1, Li Q2, Wan WR1, Guo JQ1, Luo BD1, Gan L1.(PubMed)

(274) Beneficial role of antioxidants on clinical outcomes and erythrocyte antioxidant parameters in rheumatoid arthritis patients by Jalili M1, Kolahi S2, Aref-Hosseini SR3, Mamegani ME4, Hekmatdoost A5.(PubMed)

(275) Retinoic acid attenuates rheumatoid inflammation in mice by Kwok SK1, Park MK, Cho ML, Oh HJ, Park EM, Lee DG, Lee J, Kim HY, Park SH(PubMed)

(276) Effect of dietary vitamin C on the growth performance and innate immunity of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum) by Zhou Q1, Wang L, Wang H, Xie F, Wang T.(PubMed)

(277) Effect of vitamin C supplements on cell-mediated immunity in old people by Kennes B, Dumont I, Brohee D, Hubert C, Neve P.(PubMed)

(278) Uric acid a better scavenger of free radicals than vitamin C in rheumatoid arthritis by Mahajan M1, Kaur S, Mahajan S, Kant R.(PubMed)

(279) Nutraceuticals of anti-inflammatory activity as complementary therapy for rheumatoid arthritis by Al-Okbi SY1(PubMed)

(280) Effects of diets containing fish oil and vitamin E on rheumatoid arthritis by Tidow-Kebritchi S1, Mobarhan S.(PubMed)

(281() Vitamin E status during dietary fish oil supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis by Tulleken JE1, Limburg PC, Muskiet FA, van Rijswijk MH.(PubMed)

(282) Therapeutic efficacy of vitamin E δ-tocotrienol in collagen-induced rat model of arthritis by Haleagrahara N1, Swaminathan M2, Chakravarthi S3, Radhakrishnan A2.(PubMed)

(283) Beta-Carotene, Vitamin E, MDA, Glutathione Reductase and Arylesterase Activity Levels in Patients with ActiveRheumatoid Arthritis by Aryaeian N1, Djalali M, Shahram F, Jazayeri Sh, Chamari M, Nazari S.(PubMed)

(284) The vitamin D receptor regulates rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast invasion and morphology. by Laragione T1, Shah A, Gulko PS.(PubMed)

(285) Vitamin D status and its association with quality of life, physical activity, and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients by Raczkiewicz A1, Kisiel B, Kulig M, Tłustochowicz W.(PubMed)

(286) Vitamin D and rheumatoid arthritis by Kostoglou-Athanassiou I1, Athanassiou P, Lyraki A, Raftakis I, Antoniadis C.(PubMed)

(287) Effects of Vitamin K on Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 and Rheumatoid Factor in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial by Shishavan NG1, Gargari BP, Kolahi S, Hajialilo M, Jafarabadi MA, Javadzadeh Y.(PubMed)

(288) Vitamin K and rheumatoid arthritis by Okamoto H1(PubMed)

Saturday 6 February 2016

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Top minerals according to Herbal and TCM medicine

B.3. The Preventive Minerals and Vitamins
1. Minerals for Immunity
Strengthen immunity plays an important role in regulating the free radical and other form of irregular cell growth causes of inflammation and auto immune diseases as well as attenuating the foreigner invasion. According to the study maintaining normal levels of Copper, Selenium and Zinc have found to improve immune function against morbidity, decrease antibody production, infection, impaired natural killing cells, etc......(252) in animal study. Also according to Dr. Kremer JM and Bigaouette J., deficiency of pyridoxine, zinc, copper, and magnesium may induce rheumatoid arthritis expression(253).

1.1. Copper
Epidemiological studies suggested that levels of copper may be influence to the risk of rheumatoid arthritis has produced inconclusive results, it probably due to the disease orgination(254)(255). According to the relevant published data were retrieved through PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) before September 20, 2014 of 1444 RA cases and 1241 healthy controls, above normal serum levels of copper (Cu) has found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(254). Dr Li J and the research team at the joint study lead by Sichuan University, suggested patient with rheumatoid arthritis with B-lymphocyte dysfunction are associated to lower levels of copper, selenium and zinc levels(255). Other study insisted that the alternation of copper concentration may be a result of the changes of the immunoregulatory cytokines(256). Dr Percival SS said,"The immune system requires copper to perform several functions,.....interleukin 2 is reduced and T cell proliferation are reduced in copper deficiency"(257).

1.2. Magnesium
Dr. Minton K. in the study of mutation of Mutation of the magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) gene has been found to associate to immunodeficiency due to reduced levels of magnesium(258), inducing severe chronic viral infections and inflammations(259). Deficiency of magnesium is found in patient with RA(253), routine dietary supplementation with multivitamins and trace elements is appropriate in this population(253), Dr. Kremer JM1, Bigaouette J. suggested. The Ankara University study expressed only slight and statistically insignificant reductions of plasma and erythrocyte Mg levels of the RA patients showed when compared to controls, with a positive correlations between erythrocyte SOD activity and Mg level(260).

1.3. Selenium
Selenium, is found to be one of most powerful antioxidant in enhancing immune system in fighting against inflammatory and immune-related diseases, including anti-viral immunity, autoimmunity, sepsis, allergic asthma, and chronic inflammatory disorders mainly through its incorporation into selenoproteins(261). Low serum Se concentration is found to associate in patient with RA(262). But according to the Free University of Brussels, in a in a double blind multi-centric placebo-controlled study showed no clinical benefit selenium treatment on RA but a significant improvement in arm movements and health feeling(263).

1.4. Zinc
Recent study showed that lower than normal serum levels of Zinc (Cu) has found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(254).

Deficiency of zinc is found to increase immune response through activation of increasing immune cell and inducing pro inflammatory ccytokines IL6(264), especially in aging population(265). who are vulnerable for the aging degenerative chronic diseases of rheumatoid arthritis(266).

1.5. Pyridoxine
Dietary pyridoxine showed to improve immune responses(267) and reduced the expression of pro inflammatory cytokines of that may relate to the early onset of rheomatoid arthritis(268) but the deficiency was not severe enough to affect the immune system, according to the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutricion(269). Dr Chiang EP. and the research team of the National Chung-Hsing University said, " Suboptimal vitamin B6 status seen in rheumatoid arthritis can be corrected by 50 mg pyridoxine supplementation for 30 days,.... but (The pyridoxine supplementation) did not suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production in patients with rheumatoid arthritis"(270).

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

References

(252) Trace Minerals and Immunity in Beef Cattle by SQM

(253) Nutrient intake of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is deficient in pyridoxine, zinc, copper, and magnesium by Kremer JM1, Bigaouette J.(PubMed)

(254) Serum Levels of Copper and Zinc in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Meta-analysis. by Xin L1, Yang X1, Cai G1, Fan D1, Xia Q1, Liu L1, Hu Y1, Ding N1, Xu S2, Wang L1, Li X1, Zou Y1, Pan F3.(PubMed)

(255) Effects of B-lymphocyte dysfunction on the serum copper, selenium and zinc levels of rheumatoid arthritispatients by Li J1, Liang Y2, Mao H3, Deng W4, Zhang J5.(PubMed)

(256) Synovial fluid and plasma selenium, copper, zinc, and iron concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritisand osteoarthritis by Yazar M1, Sarban S, Kocyigit A, Isikan UE.(PubMed)

(257) Copper and immunity by Percival SS1(PubMed)

(258) Magnesium regulates antiviral immunity by Kirsty Minton(PubMed)

(259) MAGT1 by Genetic home reference

(260) Trace element and magnesium levels and superoxide dismutase activity in rheumatoid arthritis by Tuncer S1, Kamanli A, Akçil E, Kavas GO, Seçkin B, Atay MB.(PubMed)

(261) The role of selenium in inflammation and immunity: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities by Huang Z1, Rose AH, Hoffmann PR.(PubMed)

(262) The Association Between Serum Selenium Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis by Yu N1, Han F1, Lin X1, Tang C1, Ye J1, Cai X2.(PubMed)

(263) Selenium supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis investigated in a double blind, placebo-controlled trial by Peretz A1, Siderova V, Nève J.(PubMed)

(264) Zinc deficiency enhanced inflammatory response by increasing immune cell activation and inducing IL6 promoter demethylation by Wong CP1, Rinaldi NA, Ho E.(PubMed)

(265) Zinc and inflammatory/immune response in aging by Vasto S1, Mocchegiani E, Malavolta M, Cuppari I, Listì F, Nuzzo D, Ditta V, Candore G, Caruso C.(PubMed)

(266) Zinc and its role in immunity and inflammation by Bonaventura P1, Benedetti G1, Albarède F2, Miossec P3.(PubMed)

(267) Effects of dietary pyridoxine on immune responses in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino by Chen H1, Mai K, Zhang W, Liufu Z, Xu W, Tan B.(PubMed)

(268) High dose dietary pyridoxine induces T-helper type 1 polarization and decreases contact hypersensitivity response to fluorescein isothiocyanate in mice by Kobayashi C1, Kurohane K, Imai Y.(PubMed)

(269) Biochemical deficiency of pyridoxine does not affect interleukin-2 production of lymphocytes from patients with Sjögren's syndrome by Tovar AR1, Gómez E, Bourges H, Ortíz V, Kraus A, Torres N.(PubMed)

(270) Pyridoxine supplementation corrects vitamin B6 deficiency but does not improve inflammation in patients withrheumatoid arthritis by Chiang EP1, Selhub J, Bagley PJ, Dallal G, Roubenoff R.(PubMed)

Friday 5 February 2016

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis: The miracle Olive oil according to Herbal and TCM medicine

3. The miracle of Olive oil
Olive is belongs to the the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean Basin and south end of the Caspian Sea. Its fruit, is also called the olive and the source of olive oil.

Olive Oil: Fat Content
1. Saturated fats
a. Palmitic acid
b. Stearic acid
c. Arachidic acid
d. ehenic acid
e. Myristic acid
f. Lignoceric acid
2. Unsaturated fat3. Monounsaturated fats
a. Oleic acid
b. Palmitoleic acid
3. Polyunsaturated fats
a. Linoleic acid
b. Linolenic acid

Monounsaturated fatty acids found abundantly in extra virgin olive oil has found to inhibit proinflammatory cytokines in inducing the decreases lubricin expression and predisposes to cartilage degeneration(247). Intake of olive oil, according to the University of Athens Medical School and University of Seville, showed to reduce risk of risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to the effects of n-3 fatty acids through the antioxiant activity(248) as well as preventing inflammatory response and cartilage matrix degradation in murine collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis(249), respectively.
Furthermore, in animal models of acute inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis, hydroxytyrosol, a phytochemical found in virgin olive oil, a primary source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, inhibited significant impact on chronic inflammation and acute inflammatory processes, through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, recent study suggested.(250).
In deed, dr. González Cernadas L and the research team at the Unidad de Fisioterapia Basada en la Evidencia del Departamento de Fisioterapia de la Universidad de A Coruña said," some dietetic elements (polyunsaturated fatty acids, mediterranean diet and antioxidants) with inflammatory markers reduction and oxidative stress inhibition have anti-inflammatory effects and decrease AR disease activity"(251).

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

References

(247) Extra-virgin olive oil diet and mild physical activity prevent cartilage degeneration in an osteoarthritis model: an in vivo and in vitro study on lubricin expression by Musumeci G, Trovato FM, Pichler K, Weinberg AM, Loreto C, Castrogiovanni P.(PubMed)

(248) Dietary factors in relation to rheumatoid arthritis: a role for olive oil and cooked vegetables? by Linos A1, Kaklamani VG, Kaklamani E, Koumantaki Y, Giziaki E, Papazoglou S, Mantzoros CS.(PubMed)

(249) Dietary extra-virgin olive oil prevents inflammatory response and cartilage matrix degradation in murine collagen-induced arthritis. by Rosillo MA1, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Aparicio-Soto M, Villegas I, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C.(PubMed)

(250) Protective effects of hydroxytyrosol-supplemented refined olive oil in animal models of acute inflammation andrheumatoid arthritis by Silva S1, Sepodes B2, Rocha J2, Direito R2, Fernandes A2, Brites D2, Freitas M3, Fernandes E3, Bronze MR1, Figueira ME4.(PubMed)

(251) [Importance of nutritional treatment in the inflammatory process of rheumatoid arthritis patients; a review].[Article in Spanish] by González Cernadas L1, Rodríguez-Romero B2, Carballo-Costa L2.(PubMed)

Thursday 4 February 2016

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis: The miracle Salmon calcitonin according herbal and TCM medicine

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis is defined a chronic disorder as a result of inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body. The disease affects more women than men and generally occurs after the ages of 40, causing diminished quality of life of many elders(1). According to CDC, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affects over 52 millions of adults in the US alone, including 294,000 children under age 18 with some form of arthritis or rheumatic conditions(2). Rheumatoid Arthritis can induced bone loss through elevating bone resorption without increasing bone formation(4). A cross-sectional population-based study of 1042 patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed that RA patients had an increased risk of death from various causes(4a).

The Treatment
B. Treatment in herbal and traditional Chinese medicine
2. The miracle Salmon calcitonin
Salmon, is a highly nutrition with best source of Omega 3 fatty acids found in fish for human consumption born in fresh water, migrate to the deep ocean, then travel thousands of miles in the deep sea cold water throughout their life cycle and within to five years returning to the exacted location where they were born to reproduce and die.

Nutrients
1. Protein
2. Omega-3 fatty acids
3. B vitamins
4. Vitamin D
5. Astaxanthin
is a potent antioxidant that stimulates the development of healthy fish nervous systems and enhances the fish's fertility and growth rate.
6. Selenium
7. Tryptophan
8. Magnesium
9. Phosphorus
10. Etc.

Intake of salmon calcitonin, a hormone extract from salmon or a synthetic polypeptide of the same sequence found in salmon, has shown to attenuate the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA, through reduced expression of a key of (orphan nuclear receptor, NR4A2) redulator and potential biomarker for inflammation(243). Dr. Tascioglu F and the research team at the Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, said." alendronate and intranasal salmon calcitonin (sCT) treatments,...produced significantly greater increases in the femoral neck BMD and greater decreases in bone turnover than intranasal sCT in RA patients receiving low dose glucocorticoids"(244). Furthermore, according to the multicenter study of 32 women with RA, intranasal salmon calcitonin (sCT) prevented bone loss at the proximal femur in patients with active RA induced by intake of low dose glucocorticoids for 12 months(245).

Salmon proteoglycan prepared from salmon nasal cartilage under nondenaturing conditions showed to improve autoimmune disease caused by chronic inflammation of connective tissues, through modulating immune response of splenocytes to CII stimulation and local production inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the joints, the research lead by Dr. Yoshimura S. suggested.(246).

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

References

(243) An intra-articular salmon calcitonin-based nanocomplex reduces experimental inflammatory arthritis by Ryan SM1, McMorrow J, Umerska A, Patel HB, Kornerup KN, Tajber L, Murphy EP, Perretti M, Corrigan OI, Brayden DJ.(PubMed)

(244) The treatment of osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving glucocorticoids: a comparison of alendronate and intranasal salmon calcitonin by Tascioglu F1, Colak O, Armagan O, Alatas O, Oner C.(PubMed)

(245) Is continuous intranasal salmon calcitonin effective in treating axial bone loss in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis receiving low dose glucocorticoid therapy? by Kotaniemi A1, Piirainen H, Paimela L, Leirisalo-Repo M, Uoti-Reilama K, Lahdentausta P, Ruotsalainen P, Kataja M, Väisänen E, Kurki P.(PubMed)

(246) Attenuation of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by salmon proteoglycan by Yoshimura S1, Asano K1, Nakane A1.(PubMed)

Wednesday 3 February 2016

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis: Diet modification according herbal and TCM medicine

B.3. Diet modification according herbal and TCM medicine specialist

1. Top foods to reduce risk of inflammation
Foods with anti pro inflammatory cytokines can be helpful to prevent and to protect against early
onset of rheumatoid arthritis. "Low grade inflammation has been found to play a pathophysiological role in RA" Dr. Jeppesen J. said (225) as the proinflammatory cytokines may affect synoviocyte proliferation caused by elevated interleukin-21 (IL-21) IL-21-induced proliferation and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6(226).

1. 1. Garlic
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, belongings to family Amaryllidaceae, native to central Asia, used popularly in traditional and Chinese medicine to treat common cold and flu(228), strengthen immunity(228), etc....The clinical trial of alisate--a garlic preparation produced in Russia showed the effectiveness of alisate used compunction with other and monotherapy in reduced symptoms of RA with little side effects(227). Dr. Majewski M. said" aged garlic extract (AGE), have a clear and significant biological effect in immune system improvement,...Clinically,garlic has been evaluated for a number of purposes, including treatment of .....rheumatoid arthritis,..."(228)

1.2. Ginger
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) used in many Eastern culture as a cooking spice is best in the West for its treatment againts morning sickness in early stage of pregnancy. The herbal medicine is also found to relieve pain induced by inflammation due to its effects in inhibited pro inflammatory cytokines(229) of that may be beneficiary as pharmaceutical ingredient for treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis(230) when used in combination with others herbal medicine. DR. Al-Nahain A and the research team at the University of Development Alternative said, "(Ginger) not only can provide symptomatic relief but also may provide total relief from RA by stopping RA-induced bone destruction"(231).

1.3. Turmeric
Turmeric is a perennial plant used as spice in Indian and as herbal medicine for strengthening the overall energy of the body, relieving gas, dispelling worms, improving digestion, regulating menstruation, dissolving gallstones, etc.(232) may be a potential candidate for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis due of its phytochemical curcumin imilar to methotrexate(233). Dr. Ramadan G and Dr. El-Menshawy O. said, "mixture of ginger and turmeric rhizomes powder (1 : 1) suspended in distilled water (GTaq) in alleviating both articular and extra-articular manifestations in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA),.....may be effective against RA severity and complications"(234), probably due to the mixture anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties(235).

1.4. Green tea
Green tea , a precious drink in traditional Chinese and many culture in Southeast Asia cultures used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years has been found to consist the property of suppressed autoimmune arthritis(238) through its phytochemical epigallocatechin-3-Gallate
(EGCG) in upregulation of the Nrf-2 antioxidant pathway in -mediated immunoregulation and ameliorated experimental arthritis in animal study(236).
Dr. Riegsecker S and the research team at the University of Toledo said," (The) potential benefits of green tea polyphenol EGCG in the prevention and treatment of vascular inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis,.........., extensive clinical evidence of the 'synovial inflammation-systemic inflammation' link and the benefits of EGCG in regulating cytokine-driven inflammation in the pathogenesis of RA and its CV complication"(237).

1.5. Cooked tomato
Tomato, the edible vegetable is best known for its phytochemical lycopene found in skin for treatment of prostate health(239)(240). According to the University of Kerala, lycopene (all-trans) found in tomato may be a better natural source with increased activity and without side effects in the treatment of anti-inflammatory diseases, in the study on type II collagen induced arthritis in Sprague Dawley rats(241). In a total of 184,643 US women followed in the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II cohorts in 1980-2004 study showed that intake of antioxidants including lycopene, may protect against development of rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus by combating oxidative stress(242).

(225) Low-grade chronic inflammation and vascular damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: don't forget "metabolic inflammation" by Jeppesen J.(PubMed)

(226) Interleukin-21 Induces Proliferation and Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis by Xing R1, Yang L1, Jin Y1, Sun L1, Li C1, Li Z2, Zhao J1, Liu X1.(PubMed)

(227) [Garlic effectiveness in rheumatoid arthritis].[Article in Russian] by Denisov LN, Andrianova IV, Timofeeva SS.(PubMed)

(228) Allium sativum: facts and myths regarding human health by Majewski M.(PubMed)

(229) Influence of ginger and cinnamon intake on inflammation and muscle soreness endued by exercise in Iranian female athletes by Mashhadi NS1, Ghiasvand R, Askari G, Feizi A, Hariri M, Darvishi L, Barani A, Taghiyar M, Shiranian A, Hajishafiee M.(PubMed)

(230) Effect of sanhuangwuji powder, anti-rheumatic drugs, and ginger-partitioned acupoint stimulation on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with peptic ulcer: a randomized controlled study by Liu D, Guo M, Hu Y, Liu T, Yan J, Luo Y, Yun M, Yang M, Zhang J, Guo L.(PubMed)

(231) Zingiber officinale: A Potential Plant against Rheumatoid Arthritis by Al-Nahain A1, Jahan R2, Rahmatullah M1.(PubMed)

(232) Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. 2nd edition, Chapter 13Turmeric, the Golden Spice From Traditional Medicine to Modern Medicine by Sahdeo Prasad and Bharat B. Aggarwal(NCBI)

(233) The effect of curcumin and its nanoformulation on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by Zheng Z1, Sun Y2, Liu Z1, Zhang M1, Li C1, Cai H3.(PubMed)

(234)Protective effects of ginger-turmeric rhizomes mixture on joint inflammation, atherogenesis, kidney dysfunction and other complications in a rat model of human rheumatoid arthritis by Ramadan G1, El-Menshawy O.(PubMed)

(235) Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of Curcuma longa (turmeric) versus Zingiber officinale (ginger) rhizomes in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis by Ramadan G1, Al-Kahtani MA, El-Sayed WM.(PubMed)

(236) Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Suppresses Autoimmune Arthritis Through Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase Expressing Dendritic Cells and the Nuclear Factor, Erythroid 2-Like 2 Antioxidant Pathway by Min SY1, Yan M1, Kim SB2, Ravikumar S3, Kwon SR4, Vanarsa K3, Kim HY5, Davis LS1, Mohan C3.(PubMed)

(237) Potential benefits of green tea polyphenol EGCG in the prevention and treatment of vascular inflammation inrheumatoid arthritis by Riegsecker S1, Wiczynski D, Kaplan MJ, Ahmed S.(PubMed)

(238) Nutraceuticals of anti-inflammatory activity as complementary therapy for rheumatoid arthritis by Al-Okbi SY1.(PubMed)

(239) A Phase II Randomized Trial of Lycopene-Rich Tomato Extract Among Men with High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia by Gann PH1, Deaton RJ1, Rueter EE1, van Breemen RB2, Nonn L1, Macias V1, Han M3, Ananthanarayanan V4.(PubMed)

(240) Lycopene/tomato consumption and the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies by Chen J1, Song Y, Zhang L.(PubMed)

(241) Anti-inflammatory activity of lycopene isolated from Chlorella marina on type II collagen induced arthritis in Sprague Dawley rats by Renju GL1, Muraleedhara Kurup G, Saritha Kumari CH.(PubMed)

(242) Antioxidant intake and risks of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in women by Costenbader KH1, Kang JH, Karlson EW.(PubMed)

Tuesday 2 February 2016

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis: Psychological intervention according to Herbal and TCM medicine

B.2. Psychological intervention

Psychological intervention may be useful to reduce depression, anxiety and other symptoms in patient with RA due to associate to pain, distress and disability and reduced quality of life style in chronic pain patients, the University College London suggested(223). Dr. Matcham F and the research team at the joint study lead by King's College London said" The most consistent relationship was found between mood and fatigue, with low mood frequently associated with increased fatigue. Some evidence also highlighted the relationship between RA-related cognitions (such as RA self-efficacy) and fatigue, and non-RA-cognitions (such as goal ownership) and fatigue(224), as there is a psychological correlates of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis.

(223) Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults by Williams AC1, Eccleston C, Morley S.(PubMed)

(224) Psychological correlates of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review by Matcham F1, Ali S2, Hotopf M3, Chalder T4.(PubMed)

Monday 1 February 2016

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis: Life style modification according herbal and TCM medicine specialist

B.1. Life style modification according herbal and TCM medicine specialist
Life style modification has shown to be beneficiary for patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis to improve musculoskeletal and bone health and reduce disability. Dr. Jones G. and the research team at the joint study lead by University of Tasmania said" Lifestyle is of considerable importance in the first two and there is emerging evidence for rheumatoid arthritis despite it not traditionally being considered a lifestyle disease"(205). Modern herbal and TCM medicine specialists may suggest the following
B.1.1. Maintain balance weight
Maintain healthy weigh is important not only for reduce cost of treatment according to the study of retrospective analysis of 66 patients from a Spanish 1,000 beds-hospital Rheumatology Clinic Service(206) but also attenuate the risk of motility in patient with rheumatoid arthritis(207).
Dr. Baker JF and the research team at the joint study lead by Philadelphia VA Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania said" . Weight loss at an annualized rate of ≥3 kg/m(2) was associated with the greatest risk of death (HR 2.49, 95% CI 1.73-3.57, P < 0.001). Low BMI (<20 kg/m(2) ) in patients with a history of obesity (>30 kg/m(2) ) was associated with the greatest risk (HR 8.52, 95% CI 4.10-17.71, P < 0.001)(208).
In fact, many scientists have concerned for the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity may contribute to recent increase in the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)(209).

B.1.2. Exercise
Exercise, today is less popular leisure-time activity in many countries throughout the Western world, especially in the youth due to promotion of information collection through mobile phone. Exercise as medicine has been found to benefit to many forms of chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis(210). Dr. Pedersen BK and Dr.Saltin B. Said" Considerable knowledge has accumulated in recent decades concerning the significance of physical activity in the treatment of a number of diseases,....... muscle, bone and joint diseases"(211).
Arobic capacity and/or muscle strength training(212), physical training exercise(213) are recommended as routine practice in patients with RA. In fact, according to the Bowman Gray School of Medicine, therapeutic exercise performance in patient with rheumatoid arthritis have shown in improving aerobic capacity, strengthening muscles, improving endurance and increasing flexibility(214).

B.1.3. Quite smoking
Smoking is a risk factor for RA,and heavy smokers, according to the Kobe University Graduate Schoolof Medicine(217)(218)
Smoking has been found to induce many forms of lung disease, and cancer,. According to statistic, smoking cause death of over 83% of patient with lung cancer. Recent study suggested of the associated of lung diseases suchas bronchiectasis and unexplained dyspnea as predictor for the future development of rheumatoid arthritis, due to inflammation induced by external triggers (such as smoking) (215).
In a total of 857 patients, for determination of the effects of cigarette smoking in RA disease severity,pack years of cigarette smoking was significantly associated with rheumatoid factor seropositivity and radiographic erosions but less severe radiographic disease seemed to be more strongly associated with cigarette smoking than more severe disease(216).

B.1.4. Reduced intake of coffee
Coffee, one of many flavor drink in many culture may be associate to risk of rheumatoid arthritis, as coffee drunk daily was found directly proportional to the prevalence of RF positivity in dose depend-manner, according to the National Public Health Institute in a cohort of 18 981 men and women who had neither arthritisnor a history of it at the baseline examination in 1973-76. Up to late 1989(218). Recent study by the University of Alabama at Birmingham also suggested that decaffeinated coffee intake is independently and positively associated with RA onset(219).
Other studies insisted of little evidence of an association between coffee, decaffeinated coffee, or tea consumption and the risk of RA among women, including the Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital(220).

B.1.5. Moderate alcohol drinking
Intake of moderate alcohol has been found to induce diseases protection. According to the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, long term moderate alcohol drinking are also associate to reduce risk of RA(221) and study of 34,141 women born between 1914 and 1948, followed up from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2009 by the Institute of Environmental Medicine(222).

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References

(201) Selective JAK inhibitors in development for rheumatoid arthritis by Norman P1.(PubMed)

(202) Targeting the Janus kinases in rheumatoid arthritis: focus on tofacitinib by Yamaoka K1, Tanaka Y.(PubMed)

(203) Methotrexate and early postoperative complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery by Grennan DM1, Gray J, Loudon J, Fear S.(PubMed)

(204) 2012 Brazilian Society of Rheumatology Consensus for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.[Article in English, Portuguese] by da Mota LM1, Cruz BA, Brenol CV, Pereira IA, Rezende-Fronza LS, Bertolo MB, de Freitas MV, da Silva NA, Louzada-Júnior P, Giorgi RD, Lima RA, da Rocha Castelar Pinheiro G; Brazilian Society of Rheumatology.(PubMed)

(205) Lifestyle modifications to improve musculoskeletal and bone health and reduce disability--a life-course approach by Jones G1, Winzenberg TM2, Callisaya ML3, Laslett LL4.(PubMed)

(206) Cost analysis of biologic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis first line treatment after methotrexate failure according to patients' body weight.[Article in English, Spanish] by Román Ivorra JA1, Ivorra J1, Monte-Boquet E2, Canal C3, Oyagüez I4, Gómez-Barrera M5.(PubMed)

(207) Paradoxical effect of body mass index on survival in rheumatoid arthritis: role of comorbidity and systemic inflammation by Escalante A1, Haas RW, del Rincón I.(PubMed)

(208) Weight Loss, the Obesity Paradox, and the Risk of Death in Rheumatoid Arthritis. by Baker JF1, Billig E2, Michaud K3, Ibrahim S1, Caplan L4, Cannon GW5, Stokes A6, Majithia V7, Mikuls TR8.(PubMed)

(209) Contribution of obesity to the rise in incidence of rheumatoid arthritis by Crowson CS1, Matteson EL, Davis JM 3rd, Gabriel SE.(PubMed)

(210) Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases by Pedersen BK1, Saltin B2.(PubMed)

(211) Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in chronic disease by Pedersen BK1, Saltin B.(PubMed)

(212) Dynamic exercise programs (aerobic capacity and/or muscle strength training) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by Hurkmans E1, van der Giesen FJ, Vliet Vlieland TP, Schoones J, Van den Ende EC.(PubMed)

(213) Effects of a group-based exercise and educational program on physical performance and disease self-management in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled study by Breedland I1, van Scheppingen C, Leijsma M, Verheij-Jansen NP, van Weert E.(PubMed)

(214) Therapeutic exercise for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis by Semble EL1, Loeser RF, Wise CM.(PubMed)

(215) The lung in rheumatoid arthritis, cause or consequence? by Chatzidionisyou A1, Catrina AI.(PubMed)

(216) Cigarette smoking and rheumatoid arthritis severity by Saag KG1, Cerhan JR, Kolluri S, Ohashi K, Hunninghake GW, Schwartz DA.(PubMed)

(217) Impact of smoking as a risk factor for developing rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies by Sugiyama D1, Nishimura K, Tamaki K, Tsuji G, Nakazawa T, Morinobu A, Ku) .(PubMed)

(218) Coffee consumption, rheumatoid factor, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. by Heliövaara M1, Aho K, Knekt P, Impivaara O, Reunanen A, Aromaa A.magai S(PubMed)

(219) Coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Iowa Women's Health Study by Mikuls TR1, Cerhan JR, Criswell LA, Merlino L, Mudano AS, Burma M, Folsom AR, Saag KG.(PubMed)

(220) Coffee consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis by Karlson EW1, Mandl LA, Aweh GN, Grodstein F.(PubMed)

(221) Alcohol consumption and risk of incident rheumatoid arthritis in women: a prospective study. by Lu B1, Solomon DH, Costenbader KH, Karlson EW.(PubMed)

(222) Long term alcohol intake and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: a population based cohort study by Di Giuseppe D1, Alfredsson L, Bottai M, Askling J, Wolk A.(PubMed)