Coumestans (phytoestrogens) a derivative of coumarin, are orgic compound in the class of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in split peas,
pinto beans, lima beans, alfalfa and clover
sprouts, etc.
Health Benefits
1. Hepatoprotective effectIn the investigation of the effect of
coumestans isolated form the leaves of W. calendulacea in paracetamol induced liver damage, revealed that
coumestans
of W. calendulacea afforded a significant protective action in the
alleviation of paracetamol induced hepatocellular injury, according to "
Hepatoprotective effect of coumestans isolated from the leaves of Wedelia calendulacea Less. in paracetamol induced liver damage" by
Emmanuel S, Amalraj T, Ignacimuthu S.(1)
2. Breast cancerIn
the evaluation whether phytoestrogen intake associated with reduced
breast cancer risk, using a novel phytoestrogen database, found that
Among all women, lignan intake was associated with a reduced breast
cancer risk (Q5 vs. Q1 MVOR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.99); however,
following stratification by BMI, this reduction in risk was
statistically significant only among overweight (BMI > 25) women.
Total phytoestrogen intake was also associated with a risk reduction
among overweight women only. Among pre-menopausal women, total
phytoestrogen intake was associated with a significant reduction in
breast cancer risk among overweight women only (Q5 vs. Q1 MVOR: 0.51,
95% CI: 0.30, 0.87). Among post-menopausal women, no statistically
significant association was observed between breast cancer risk and
isoflavones or lignans, according to "
Dietary phytoestrogen intake--lignans and isoflavones--and breast cancer risk (Canada)" by Cotterchio M, Boucher BA, Kreiger N, Mills CA, Thompson LU.(2)
3.
Colorectal cancerIn
the evaluation of the suggestion of dietary phytoestrogens may reduce
the risk of certain hormonal cancers (e.g. breast and prostate), found
that Dietary lignan intake was associated with a significant reduction
in colorectal cancer risk [OR (T3 vs. T1) = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.94],
as was isoflavone intake [OR (T3 vs. T1) = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.86],
according to "
Dietary phytoestrogen intake is associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk" by
Cotterchio M, Boucher BA, Manno M, Gallinger S, Okey A, Harper P.(3)
4. Anticoccidial effectsIn the examination of the anticoccidial efficacy of a product containing
coumestans
from Eclipta alba, found that Coumestan-treated groups showed a
significant decrease in the oocyst counting since the 21 th day of life
and displayed a reduced number of macroscopic lesions.
Histopathological evaluations of cecum fragments showed that both
treatments induced the migration of defense cells at the site of
infection. A severe destruction of the cecal lining was found in the
intestinal tract of broilers fed with a
coumestans dose of 180 ppm, according to "
Anticoccidial effects of coumestans from Eclipta alba for sustainable control of Eimeria tenella parasitosis in poultry production" by Michels MG, Bertolini LC, Esteves AF, Moreira P, Franca SC.(4)
5. Inhibition of snake venomsIn
the investigation of the effect against phospholipase A(2) and the
myotoxic activities of snake venomextracts from in natura aerial parts
and roots, both native and genetically modified (in vitro), Among the
modified roots, clone 19 showed higher concentrations of these
coumestans.
Our results show that the in natura extracts of plants collected from
Botucatu and Ribeirão Preto were efficient in inhibiting snake venom
phospholipase A(2) activity. Regarding in vitro material, the best
effect against Crotalus durissus terrificus venom was that of clone 19.
Clone 19 and isolated
coumestans
(wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone) inhibited the myotoxic
activity induced by basic phospholipases A(2) isolated from the venoms
of Crotalus durissus terrificus (CB) and Bothrops jararacussu (BthTX-I
and II), according to "
Inhibition of
snake venoms and phospholipases A(2) by extracts from native and
genetically modified Eclipta alba: isolation of active coumestans"
by Diogo LC, Fernandes RS, Marcussi S, Menaldo DL, Roberto PG,
Matrangulo PV, Pereira PS, França SC, Giuliatti S, Soares AM, Lourenço
MV.(5)
6. Cardioprotective effectsIn
nthe review of higher dietary intake of phytoestrogens, plant-derived
compounds with partial estrogen agonist properties, have a lower
incidence of cardiovascular disease and breast and uterine cancer than
women with a lower dietary intake of these substances, indicated that
Food and food supplements containing phytoestrogens are often advocated
as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women with
contraindications to the use of conventional estrogen replacement or
those wanting a natural alternative. In light of the recent trial
results with HRT (estrogen plus progesterone), it would be prudent not
to recommend phytoestrogens as cardioprotective substances until
adequate safety and efficacy studies are completed, according to "
Phytoestrogens as cardioprotective agents" by
Park D, Huang T, Frishman WH.(6)
7. Bone healthIn
the review of many studies performed on soyabean isoflavones (genistein
and daidzein), either in the purified form or as a soyabean-based
product or extract and in vitro studies using primary cell cultures or
stabilised cell lines indicate that treatment with genistein may lead
to a reduction in bone resorption, but effects on bone formation have
also been shown. Investigations using animal models have provided
convincing evidence of major improvements in bone mass or bone turnover
following soyabean feeding.
found that cross-sectional observations
in South-East Asian populations with moderately high intakes of
soyabean isoflavones (50 mg/d) have shown that women in the high
quartile of intake have higher bone mineral density (BMD) and reduced
bone turnover, an effect that has not been shown in populations with
low average intakes. Human trials have given an indication of a possible
effect on lumbar spine BMD, although they have been either short term
(<6 months) or methodologically weak. Unresolved issues are: the
optimal dose compatible with safety; the individual differences in
response that can be related to diet and genotypes; the duration of
exposure, according to "
Dietary phyto-oestrogens and bone health" by Branca F.(7)
8. Endometrial cancerIn the investigationof three classes of phytoestrogens (isoflavones,
coumestans,
and lignans) and the risk of endometrial cancer found that some
phytoestrogenic compounds, at the levels consumed in the typical
American-style diet, are associated with reduced risk of endometrial
cancer in doses depending manner, according to "
Phytoestrogen intake and endometrial cancer risk" by Horn-Ross PL, John EM, Canchola AJ, Stewart SL, Lee MM.(8)
9. Metabolic syndromeIn
the proposal of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)as a therapeutic
target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome including obesity and
type-2
diabetes,
found that he bioassay-guided fractionation of an EtOAc-soluble extract
of the stem bark of Erythrina abyssinica led to the isolation of a new
coumestan, erythribyssin N (1), and two new benzofurans, erythribyssin
F (2) and erythribyssin H (3), along with five known compounds (4-8).
When tested for their stimulatory effects on AMPK activity at a
concentration of 10 muM, compounds 4 and 5 showed potent activation,
while compounds 1, 2, and 7 had moderate effects. These results suggest
that benzofurans and
coumestans may be new lead compounds for regulating the AMPK enzyme, according to "
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation by benzofurans and coumestans isolated from Erythrina abyssinica" by Nguyen PH, Nguyen TN, Dao TT, Kang HW, Ndinteh DT, Mbafor JT, Oh WK.(9)
10. Long-term postmenopausal diseasesIn
the review of whether, Phytoestrogens (PEs) a natural compounds, with a
biological activity like estrogen, which comprise isoflavones, lignans
and
coumestans
associated with a lower incidence of breast cancer and postmenopausal
illness, found that indicates that PEs prevent bone resorption, increase
bone density and reduce cholesterol. The estrogenic effects of
phytoestrogens can be useful in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis
and cardiovascular disease, according to "
Dietary phytoestrogens in the prevention of long-term postmenopausal diseases" by Chiechi LM.(10)
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