Hormones

Amine
A. Catecholamines
Catecholamines, derived from the amino acid tyrosine, produced by the adrenal glands, which are found on top of the kidneys. are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and dopamine. The hormone are released into the blood during times of physical or emotional stress.
1. The Effects of Hormone Amine - Catecholamines
A.1. Epinephrine 
1. The Effects of Hormone Catecholamines - Epinephrine(1)
2. The Effects of Hormone Catecholamines - Epinephrine(2) 

A.2. Norepinephrine 
1.  The Effects of Hormone Catecholamines - Norepinephrine (1) 
2. The Effects of Hormone Catecholamines - Norepinephrine(2)

A.3. Dopamine 
1. The Effects of Hormone Catecholamines - Dopamine (1) 
2. The Effects of Hormone Catecholamines - Dopamine(2) 
3. The Effects of Hormone Catecholamines - Dopamine(3) 

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or corticotropin
1.The Effects of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (1)
   
Histamine, found within granules of basophils and mast cells (>90% of body stores) is a biogenic amine and an organic nitrogen compound that occurs to various degrees in many foods such as cherries to about 0.17-13.46 ng/g, bananas and grapes, rice and cereals, herbs, olive oil, wine, beer, etc.. In healthy persons, dietary histamine can be rapidly detoxified by amine oxidases, whereas persons with low amine oxidase activity are at risk of histamine toxicity(a). the hormone, as a neurotransmitter is involved in regulating physiological function in the gut and immune response to foreign pathogens.
1. The Effects of Hormone Histamine (1) 
2. The Effects of Hormone Histamine (2)
3. The Effects of Hormone Histamine (3) 

Leukotrienes
According to the study of Prostaglandins and leukotrienes as inflammatory mediators by John A Salmon and Gerald A Higgs(a), Leukotrienes is produced in leukocytes as a result of oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid by the enzyme arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, belonging to the family of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators(a). Its production is usually accompanied by the production of histamine and prostaglandins.
1. The Effects of Hormone Leukotrienes(1)
2. The Effects of Hormone Leukotrienes(2)
3. The Effects of Hormone Leukotrienes(3)

Melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain with functions of regulating sleep cycles, other hormones, timing in secretion of female hormones that affect the menstrual cycle, etc. The levels of the circulating hormone vary in a daily cycle, depending to the circadian rhythm is an internal 24-hour “clock”.
1. The Effects of Hormone Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (1)
2. The Effects of Hormone Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (2) 
3. The Effects of Hormone Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (3) 

Progesterone
1. Hormone Therapy: Progesterone in Reduced Risk of Pre Term Birth

Prostaglandins
Prostaglandins, are a group of lipid mediators, found and isolated from human semen in the 1930s by Ulf von Euler of Sweden, responsible for inflammation features, such as swelling, pain, stiffness, redness and warmth. The hormones are produced by almost all nucleated cells and synthesized in the cell from the essential fatty acids (EFAs), include prostacyclin I₂ (PGI₂), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), and prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α)
1. The Effects of Hormone Prostaglandins(1)
2. The Effects of Hormone Prostaglandins(2)
3. The Effects of Hormone Prostaglandins(3) 
4. The Effects of Hormone Prostaglandins(4)


 Prostacyclin
Prostacyclin (or PGI₂), also known as known as eicosanoids, a member of the family prostaglandins as a metabolite of arachidonic acid, inhibits platelet aggregation, and dilates blood vessels and is released by healthy endothelial cells and performs its function through a paracrine signaling cascade that involves G protein-coupled receptors on nearby platelets and endothelial cells(a).
1.  The Effects of Hormone Prostacyclin(1) 
2. The Effects of Hormone Prostacyclin(2)
2. The Effects of Hormone Prostacyclin(3)



Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter derived from tryptophan,  primarily found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, platelets, and in the central nervous system (CNS). In Gut, serotonin regulates intestinal movements, in CNS, it regulates mood, appetite, sleep, memory and learning, etc.
1. The Effects of Hormone Serotonin (1)
2. The Effects of Hormone Serotonin (2) 
3. The Effects of Hormone Serotonin (3)
4. The Effects of Hormone Serotonin (4)
5. The Effects of Hormone Serotonin (5) 

Thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4))
 Thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)), produced by the thyroid gland, plays an important role in regulation of metabolism, including directly boosts energy metabolism and triggers rapid protein synthesis and regulates mitochondrial gene transcription, etc. Iodine is necessary for the production of T₃ and T₄, deficiency of Iodine can lead to enlarge thyroid grand and goitre.
1. The Effects of Thyroid hormone (1)
2. The Effects of Thyroid hormone (2)
3. The Effects of Thyroid hormone (3) 
4. The Effects of Thyroid hormone (4) 
5. The Effects of Thyroid hormone (5) 
6. The Effects of Thyroid hormone (6) 
7. The Effects of Thyroid hormone (7)

Thromboxane
Thromboxane is memeber of  member of the family of lipids known as eicosanoids, containing 2 major thromboxanes, Thromboxane A2, a potent stimulator of platelet aggregation, and thromboxane B2,  a metabolite of thromboxane A2 which is known to be highly unstable under physiological conditions.
1. The Effects of Hormone Thromboxane (1) 
2. The Effects of HormoneThromboxane (2) 
3. The Effects of Hormone Thromboxane (3)


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