Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals : January 2015

Saturday, 31 January 2015

(Preview)Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): TCM treatments of Dementia Caused by Kidney Qi Deficiency

Diseases of Central Nervous system

Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records, causes of dementia are the results of (810)
C.2. Deficiency of Qi, mainly due to
B.2.1. Kidney Qi deficiency
Kidney Qi deficiency is a condition of the inability of kidney in expelling extra fluid in the body through urinary secretion via bladder, cause of fluid retention. If the fluid accumulation(a) or hydration(b) occurs in the brain(a) in a prolong period of time, these possibilities can induce abnormal function of neurons in information transmitting or gradual death of brain's neurons(c), leading cognitive impairment, including dementia. In elders, kidney Qi deficiency may also be related to gradual depletion of kidney essences(Jing) due to aging, according to traditional Chinese medicine.
Chinese herbs used to treat kidney Qi deficiency include
1. Lu rong
Lu rong is also known as deer antler, deer antler velvet, used in traditional Chinese medicine to reduce the blockage of the meridian liver and kidney for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(811), osteoarthritis(812), sexual function(813)(814), and sporting performance enhancement(810)(815) by enhancing the yang energy(815). Since qi deficiency is also related to blood deficiency(816), improving the body yang by strengthening the liver's function in blood formation(816) and kidney's function in fluid distribution(817), showed to reduce the yang deficiency in the body. In neuroprotective effect, deer antler extract prevented glutamate-induced oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation causes of neurodegenerative disorders(832).

2. Du Zhong
Du Zhong, also known ecommia bark, is one the most used herb to enhance the function of meridian kidney-liver by promoting the qi and blood formation. The liver is a organ in charge of blood storing and blood formation(818) and kidney is in charge of fluid regulation(817), administration of the du zhong promotes kidney yang through action of harmony in increasing blood flow(819) and reducing fluid accumulated(820) in the body (821). In learning and memory deficits mice caused by oxidative stress, du zhong significantly improved the impairment of short-term or working memory and reversed learning and memory deficits(833), through inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in a dose-dependent manner (834) and oxidative stress causes of neuronal cell death(835)

3. Ba Ji Tian
Ba ji tian, is also known as Chinese morinda root with sweet and warm in nature. used in TCM to strengthen the liver(823) and kidney qi(822) and blood yang(824) in enhancing the liver in blood formation and kidney in urinary secretion, According to Academy of Military Medical Sciences, ba ji tian showed a strong anti antidepressant activities through its phytochemicals succinic acid, nystose, 1F-fructofuranosylnystose, inulin-type hexasaccharide and heptasaccharide(836)(837).

4. Rou Chong Rong
Rou Chong Rong is also known as Herba Cistanche used in traditional Chinese medicine for reducing the blockage of kidney-large intestine meridian(825), by increasing the kidney function in fluid regulation through improved blood circulation(826) assisted urinary secretion and digestive system in moving waste. In mouse model with learning and memory deficit, rou chong rong extract increased neuronal cell differentiation, neurite length, and synapse formation in hippocampus, through nerve growth factor (NGF) biological activities, such as preventing neuronal death(838), memory loss, and increases long-term potentiation and learning task(839).

5. Bu Gu Zhi
Bu gu zhi is also known as psoralea fruit used in traditional Chinese medicine in treating blockage of meridian kidney-Spleen(827) by tonifying the yang(828) and increasing the kidney function(829) in assisting the function of lung qi(830) and the function of spleen in qi distribution(831). In stem neoronal study, phytochemicals psoralen, oleanolic acid, and stilbene glucoside found in psoralea fruit exerted it anti cognitive protective effect through promoting self-renewal of neural stem cells NSCs and neuron-like differentiation(840). In rat with Huntington's disease (HD) using 3-NP induced mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured (PC12) cells, psoralea corylifolia Linn seed extracts, showed significant protective effect against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced cytotoxicity(841).

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Medicine by Kyle J. Norton

References
(*) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/692621/ (a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18479516
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24517977
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18479516
(810) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23321886
(811) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12003439
(812) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21750784
(813) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15949530
(814) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23475732
(815) http://www.chineseherbshealing.com/deer-antler-velvet/
(816) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24187879
(817) http://tcmbasics.com/zangfu_5zang_kidney.htm
(818) http://www.innerbody.com/image_digeov/card10-new2.html
(819) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25244772
(820) http://www.dallasacu.com/articles/chinese-herb-pictures/eucommia-bark/
(821) http://fourflowerswellness.com/EAM/du-zhong/
(822) http://www.tcmwiki.com/wiki/ba-ji-tian
(823) http://www.americandragon.com/Individualherbsupdate/BaJiTian.html(824) http://www.yinyanghouse.com/theory/herbalmedicine/ba_ji_tian_tcm_herbal_database
(824) http://cm-cure.com/Rou-Cong-Rong-Chinese-herbs
(825) http://herbprime.com/Cistanche%20Capsules%20(Rou%20Cong%20Rong%20)(NONE%20CITES)
(826) http://menstruationdisorders-51.blogspot.com.au/2009/11/overcome-infertility-how-to-treat.html
(827) http://www.tcmwiki.com/wiki/bu-gu-zhi
(828) http://qiherbs.com/bu-gu-zhi.html
(829) http://plantcures.com/buguzhi.html
(830) http://www.yinyanghouse.com/theory/herbalmedicine/bu_gu_zhi_tcm_herbal_database
(831) http://fourflowerswellness.com/EAM/bu-gu-zhi/
(832) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24460377
(833) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24404337
(834) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20974223
(835) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24440915
(836) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7626209
(837) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091305701007304
(838) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20849880
(839) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19788912
(840) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25509270
(841) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25277760

The best recipe for Diabetes: A mayonnaise like dressing

Friday, 30 January 2015

(Preview)Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine: Radix rehmanniae(Di Huang)

Diseases of Central Nervous system

Dementia

The best recipe for Diabetes: A mayonnaise like dressing

Thursday, 29 January 2015

(Preview) Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA)

4. Inflammatory and infectious connections
Chronic inflammation of the joint can result of thickens the synovium, affecting the cartilage and bone within the joint.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a associated with the T helper 17 cells (Th17) in several chronic inflammatory states(14). Periodontal infection (P. gingivalis) may also carries a unique risk for development of autoimmune antibodies in patients withRA(15).
5. Etc.

Risk factors
1. Age
The risk of rheumatoid Arthritis increases with age, especially in the elderly aged 65 and over(16).

2. Gender, body mass index
If you are women and overweight, you are at increased risk to develop Rheumatoid Arthritis. According to the study of Korean RA population(16)(17).

3. Race
Several genes/loci are consistently associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in European and Asian populations(18).

4. Smoking
Smoking is considered a risk facor in contribution to early RAand a more active disease,
according to a large cohort of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA)(19).

5. Family history
Mothers confer susceptibility to RA on their offspring more often than fathers, the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the first degree relatives study found(20).

6. Vaccines
Certain vaccines may causes Rheumatoid Arthritis. According to approximately 1 million Kaiser Permanente Northern California members ages 15-59 years from 1997 through 1999, there is a possible association between RA and influenza vaccine(21).

7. Other risk factors
Other risk factors may include
a. Changes in the female hormone such as in pregnancy, breastfeeding and
b. Use of the oral contraceptive (OC) pill appear to have a role. Of the
c. Traditional lifestyle exposures
d. Occupation probably has a minor influence
e. Diets high in caffeine, low in antioxidants
f. Infection due to exposure to environment toxins,
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)(22).
8. Etc.

C. Complications
1. Osteoporosis
Medication taken such as Glucocorticoid of patients with RA can induce, osteopprosis, a condition that weakens your bones and makes them more prone to fracture. According to the Pusan National University School of Medicine, the prevalence of osteoporosis in the RA patients was 1.9 times higher than in healthy subjects(23).

2. Carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition of pressure on the nerve in the wrist that supplies feeling and movement to parts of the hand. There is a report of a case of carpal tunnel syndrome caused by volar dislocation of the lunate in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis(24).

3. Heart involvement
According to the University of Palermo, RA is shown a significant involvement of certain heart diseases, including pericardial effusion, valvular nodules, tricuspidal valve insufficiency, aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve insufficiency, aortic valve insufficiency, combined valvular alterations, mitral valve thickening and/or calcification, aortic valve thickening and/or calcification, valvular thickening and/or calcification, and mitral valve prolapse (25).

4. Interstitial lung disease (ILD)
People with rheumatoid arthritis have an increased risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD). According to study, High doses of corticosteroids and disease modifying antirheumatic drugs showed to improve patients of RA and interstitial lung disease (ILD)(26).

5. Dry eye syndrome and Sjogren’s syndrome
Proper management are necessary for the development of dry eye syndrome and secondary Sjogren’s syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(27).

6. Cerebral vasculitis
Eventhough, it is rare, but there is a report of case of the developed systemic vasculit in a 64-year-old woman was suffering from rheumatoid arthritis since the age of 57(28).

7. Etc.

D.The do’s and do not’s list
1. Reduce intake of saturated and trans fat and increase intake of omega 3 fatty acids
Limited studies have shown that certain dietary fatty acids (ie, oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid) reduce biomarkers of inflammation.
a. Fish oil supplementation have shown null effects(29).
b. Intake of high amount of saturated and trans fat can increase the production of inflammatory cytokines. but conflicting results have been reported(29)
c. Omega-3 fatty acids may help people with rheumatoid arthritis(29a).

2. Increase intake of fruit and vegetable
According to Tufts University, showed that fruit and vegetable variety, but not quantity, may reduce inflammation(30).

3. Avoid high glycemic index diets
Consumption of high glycemic index diets, which have low fiber content and rich in trans fat may contribute to excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators and the reduction of the anti-inflammatory ones. Although the results are controversial, healthy dietary intakes with the reduction in fat intake(31).

4. Lost weight
If you are overweight or obsisty, reduced weight is associated to reduced risk of rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). If you are women and overweight or obesity, you are at highest risk to develop rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).

5. Reduced intake of pro inflammatory foods, such as sugar, dairy products, red meat and processed, meat, alcohol, artificial ingredients, refined products, etc.

6. Increase in take of anti inflammatory foods, such as fresh vegetables and fruits, seeds and sprouts whole grain, fish, turkey, chicken, legumes, etc.

7. Stop smoking
As smoking are associated with increased of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

8. If you are in occupation of increased risk of development of Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA), you should take all precaution if necessary.

9. Moderate exercise
Moderate exercise enhances immune function in fighting against inflammation and increase the blood circulation to provide nutrients to the body’s organs needed
10. Etc.

E. The Diet
1. Organic Soy
Intake of soy protein can enhance the protective effect against Rheumatoid Arthritis. According to study administration of soy protein significantly suppressed the progression of collagen II-induced arthritis and inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin6, leptin, and adiponectin in rats(32).

2. Green tea
EGCG in experimental animals, showed to exhibit anti-rheumatic activity in patient of RA(33).

3. Olive oil
According to study of a case control study of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) 168 cases and 137 controls, an increase in olive oil consumption by two times per week, resulted in a reduced Relative Risk (RR) for development of RA(34).

4. Salmon
Salmon contains high amount Omega 3 fatty acid of the can decrease the risk of RA(35).

5. Circuit fruits
Circuit fruits containing high amount of Quercetin may reduce the risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis as a result of anti inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
5.1. Anti-Inflammatory
a. According to study some flavonoids hmay possess beneficial effects in cardiovascular and chronic inflammatory diseases associated with overproduction of nitric oxide.
b. Quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside possesses anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting expression of inducible nitric oxide.

5.2. Free radical scavenger
In a study of `Dietary chromones as antioxidant agents-the structural variable.`by Dias MM, Machado NF, Marques MP. (Source from Research Unit “Molecular Physical Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal.), quercetin are shown to act as effective antiradicals.

6. Red wine and skin and of grape
Resveratrol found abundantly in red wine and the skin and seed of grape showed to exhibit its inflammatory effects in significantly decreased cartilage destruction(36).

7. Turmeric
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L., Zingiberaceae) rhizomes contain curcuminoids and the less well-studied essential oils. According to University of Arizona, Crude or refined TEO extracts dramatically inhibited joint swelling in female rats. However, this anti-arthritic effect was accompanied by significant morbidity and mortality(37).

8. Ginger
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplements are being promoted for arthritis treatment in western societies on the basis of ginger’s traditional use as an anti-inflammatory in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. According to University of Arizona, crude dichloromethane extract, containning essential oils and more polar compounds, was more efficacious (when normalized to gingerol content) in preventing both joint inflammation and destruction(38).
9. Etc.

F. The Phytochemicals
1. Curcumin, a phytochemical found abundant in Curcumin is a phytochemical found abundantly in turmeric, its principal curcuminoid is a popular Indian spice,
a. Anti-inflammatory agent
According to the study by Satoskar RR, Shah SJ, Shenoy SG., poated in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, curcumin (diferuloyl methane) researchers in model of postoperative inflammation, showed a better anti-inflammatory activity in comparison with phenylbutazone and placebo.

b. Antioxidants
In a study by Mahmoud El-sherbiny, Azza Araffa, Mona Mantawy and Hany M. Hassan (Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre – Dokki, Giza, Egypt. Immunology Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute (ARRI), Giza, Egypt), posted in World Applied Sciences Journal 12 (10): 1832-1838, 2011, researchers, curcumin showed a protective role against cytotoxic, immunosuppressive, oxidative and immunosuppressive profile due to lead acetate exposure.

2. Gingerol
Gingerole, is also known as gingerol, a phytochemical of Flavonoids (polyphenols) found in fresh ginger.
a. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
[6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol found in Zingiber officinale Rosc. showed a Comparative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects(39).

b. Rheumatoid arthritis
The crude dichloromethane extract, contained essential oils and more polar compounds, was more efficacious in protection of joint rheumatoid arthritis(40).

3. Quercetin
Quercetin, a member of flavonoids, found in fruits, vegetables, leaves and grains inhibits synovial fibroblasts proliferation and pro inflammatory activities involved joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)(41).

4. Omega 3 fatty acid
a. Antioxidants
Hexane extract from different parts in several Hypericum species possess considerable antioxidant activity with highest radical scavenging activity in seed(42).

b. Relieving inflammation
Omega-3PUFA showed to exhibit some protective effect in relieving inflammation, according to study(43).

c. Suppression of inflammatory
n-3 LCPUFAs found abundantly in salmon, showed to suppress the inflammatory processes in pregnant women(44).

d. Neonatal immune responses
Increased intakeily fish showed to intervene pregnancy modifies neonatal immune responses but may not affect markers of infant atopy assessed at 6 mo of age(45).

5. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TFDG)
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenols in green tea, and theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TFDG), a black tea polyphenol inhibit osteoclasts through pro infammtory expression and activity(46).

6. Resveratrol
Resveratrol is a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in skins and seed of grape wine, nuts, peanuts, etc.
Resveratrol exhited its inflammatory effects through inhibited adhesion- and proliferation-stimulating effects(47). The combination of resveratrol and quercetin, in vitro showed significant antioxidant effect on frozen ram sperm(48).
7. Etc.

G. Antioxidants and Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA)(49)
Antioxidants found abundantly in fruits and vegetables can enhance the immune system fighting against forming of free radicals causes of irregular cell growth and foreign invasion of inflammation and infection.
1. Vitamin C
Vitamin C beside is vital in restoring the antioxidants vitamin E in scavenging the free radicals before they can become harmful to the body, it also protects the capillaries from breaking off in triggering an inflammatory reaction. Other study found that vitamin C also reduces the risk of cartilage loss and developing knee pain.

2. Vitamin E
Accoring to genetically altered mice study, diet included fish oil plus vitamin E significantly reduce the levels of inflammation by analyzing the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood serum.

3. Glucosamine
Glucosamine, a compound of the simple sugar glucose and the amino acid glutamine, is a precursor for glycosaminoglycans formed a major component of joint cartilage. According to study, supplemental glucosamine may help to prevent cartilage degeneration and treat arthritis.

d. DLPA (dl- phenylalanine)
DLPA, a mixture of D-Phenylalanine and L-Phenylalanine and a nutritional supplement amino acid effectively reduce arthritis pain and joint inflammation in many patients.

e. Glucosamine and Methylsulfonylmethane
According to a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, administration of combined MSM and glucosamine after 12 weeks, improves arthritis symptoms in comparison to placebo.
f. Etc.

H. Treatments
H.1.In conventional medicine perspective
The aim of treatment is to stop the progression and relieve the symptoms of the disease.
1. Non Medication
a. Physical therapy
Physical therapy (PT) delivered by specially trained therapists for 6 week home based of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), improved short and long term outcomes following treatment(50).

b. Hydrotherapy
Hydrotherapy combined warm water immersion and exercise treatment on RA, according to University Health Network, improved symptoms physically and emotionally, including alleviated pain , improved joint tenderness and in knee range of movement (women only)(51).

c. Relaxation therapy and biofeedback training
Relaxation and temperature biofeedback training as an adjunctive therapy, revealed significant and positive changes following treatment in physical functioning such as pain, tension, and sleep patterns for patients with RA(52).

d. Low level laser therapy
Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has shown a beneficary short term relief of pain and morning stiffness in RA patients with a few side effects(54).

e. Occupational therapy
Review of literature occupational therapy in stdies data base in 6 controlled studies had a high methodological quality, showed a porsitie effect on joint protection but limit effect on improving functional ability(55).

f. Prosorba column apheresis therapy (PCT)
Approval of Prosorba column apheresis therapy (PCT) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 1999 to use only in some medical centers and generally is used only for very severe rheumatoid arthritis. PCT is a relatively underutilized choice for the management of active, aggressive RA, according to some researchers(56).
g. Etc.

2. Medication, surgery and others
Medication or combined medication are used to stop the progression and relieve the symptoms of the disease
In the study of 2012 Brazilian Society of Rheumatology Consensus for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Dr. da Mota LM, and scientists at the Universidade de Brasília suggested that (57)
1) The therapeutic decision should be shared with the patient;
2) Immediately after the diagnosis, a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) should be prescribed, and the treatment adjusted to achieve remission;
3) Treatment should be conducted by a rheumatologist;
4) The initial treatment includes synthetic DMARDs;
5) Methotrexate is the drug of choice;
6) Patients who fail to respond after two schedules of synthetic DMARDs should be assessed for the use of biologic DMARDs;
7) Exceptionally, biologic DMARDs can be considered earlier;
8) Anti-TNF agents are preferentially recommended as the initial biologic therapy;
9) after therapeutic failure of a first biologic DMARD, other biologics can be used;
10) Cyclophosphamide and azathioprine can be used in severe extra-articular manifestations;
11) Oral corticoid is recommended at low doses and for short periods of time;
12) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should always be prescribed in association with a DMARD;
13) Clinical assessments should be performed on a monthly basis at the beginning of treatment;
14) Physical therapy, rehabilitation, and occupational therapy are indicated;
15) Surgical treatment is recommended to correct sequelae;
16) Alternative therapy does not replace traditional therapy;
17) Family planning is recommended;
18) The active search and management of comorbidities are recommended;
19) The patient’s vaccination status should be recorded and updated;
20) Endemic-epidemic transmissible diseases should be investigated and treated.

E.2. In herbal medicine perspective
1. Organic Soy
Intake of soy protein can enhance the protective effect against Rheumatoid Arthritis. In the study to evaluate preventive and therapeutic effects of Soy protein has shown to significantly suppress the progression of collagen II-induced arthritis, through its immunomodulatory inhibitor effect(32).

2. Green tea
Scientific evidence of the anti-rheumatic activity of EGCG in experimental animals, through its anti vascular inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis(33a) and enhanced immune effects(33).

3. Turmeric
According to the University of Arizona, administered via intraperitoneal injection of crude or refined TEO extracts inhibited joint swelling (90-100% inhibition) in female rats with streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis(37).

4. Ginger
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplements are being promoted for arthritis treatment in western societies due its effectsagainst anti-inflammatory activity found in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. According to University of Arizona, crude dichloromethane extract, containing essential oils and more polar compounds, was efficacious for prevention both joint inflammation and destruction(38).

5. Alfalfa
Alfalfa, cultivated all over the world as hay for cattle feeding and used in traditional medicine over thousands of year to treat high cholesterol, asthma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, enhance digestive system, bleeding disorder, kidney and urinary tract infection, etc. , is a flowering plant in the genus Medicago, belonging to the family Fabaceae. The leaves, sprouts, and seeds to make medicine has been North Americal aboriginal has used Alfalfa seed as food, such as making bread and mush.
a. Antioxidants
Dietary protein-xanthophylls (PX) concentrate of alfalfa to turkey diets by University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.enhanced TBARS and oxidation-reduction as an antioxidant in the raw meat.

b. Disease of autoimmune
Alhalfa decreased the disease severity, increased survival and life span of the autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice, according to five groups of 12-week-old female mice.

c. Anti-inflammatory activity
Alfalfa sprout ethyl acetate extract (ASEA) in mice conducted by College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. showed to induce suppression of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alleviate acute inflammatory hazards in mice with inflammatory diseases.

6. Grape Seed Extract
Grape Seed Extract, containing contains many concentrations, including vitamin E, flavonoids, linoleic acid, oligomeric proanthocyanidins(OPCs), etc. and used in traditional medicine as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agents and to treat skin wounds with less scarring, allergies, macular degeneration, arthritis, enhance circulation of blood vessels, lower cholesterol, etc., is the commercial extracts from whole grape seeds.
a. Antioxidant Activity
Grape seed extract increased antioxidant activity dose-dependently, according to “Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity and Cross-Cultural Consumer Rejection Threshold in White and Red Wines Functionally Enhanced with Catechin-Rich” by Yoo YJ, Saliba A, Prenzler PD, Ryan DM.(60).

b. Arthritis (CIA)
GSPE dose-dependently suppressed osteoclastogenesis in vitro and significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide production, according to “Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) attenuates collagen-induced arthritis” by Cho ML, Heo YJ, Park MK, Oh HJ, Park JS, Woo YJ, Ju JH, Park SH, Kim HY, Min JK.(61).

7. Ginseng Asia
a. Antioxidant activity
Polysaccharides from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer showed the efficacy in scavenging activity of hydrogen peroxide, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and free radicals of superoxide anion in vitro(62).

b. Immunological activities
Water-soluble ginseng oligosaccharides (designated as WGOS) promoted B and T-cell stimulators and enhanced highest immunostimulating effect.(63).

8. Etc.

E.3. In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
According to the article of TCM Differentiation & Treatment for Rheumatic Arthritis & Rheumatoid Arthritis by Sam Shien-Chien Liang, C.A. PH.D, RA is characterized as a type of “bi” syndrome ( Bi-syndrome is a disease characterized by pain, numbness, and dyskinesia(movement disorders) of the muscle and joints of the limbs), wind “bi”, heat “bi”, cold “bi”, damp “bi”.
E.3.1. Heat “Bi”
1. Symptoms include pain, redness, inflammation, and localized heat sensation in the joints, fever, aversion to wind, thirst, and irritability.
2. Treatment: strengthen spleen, drain dampness, clear heat, detoxify, open channels.
3. Formulas:
a. For redness, swelling, and pain,
fomula includes Cinnamon & Anemarrhena Combination
a.1.(Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang) + Stephania & Astragalus Combinationa,2,(Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang) + Cinnamon & Angelica Formula
a.3.(Shang Zhong Xia Tong Yong Tong Feng Tang)
b. For redness, swelling, pain, and dampness
Cinnamon & Anemarrhena Combination (Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang) + Ma Huang & Coix
Combination (Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang)
c. For redness ,swelling, pain, aversion to wind, thirst, and irritability
Cinnamon & Anemarrhena Combination (Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang) + Ma Huang & Gypsum Combination (Yue Bi Tang) + Stephania & Astragalus Combination
d. For heat, pain, and subdermal red spots
Cinnamon & Anemarrhena Combination (Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang) Stephania & Astragalus Combination (Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang) + Tang Kuei & Anemarrhena Combination (Dang Gui Nian Tong Tang)

E.3.2. Wind “Bi”
a. Symptoms include soreness and pain in the joints throughout the body, often bigger joints such as the elbow, knee, and ankle joints, thin white coat, floating rapid or floating slow pulse.
b. Treatment: expel wind, disperse evil, dry dampness, activate blood.
c. Formulas
Cinnamon & Angelica Formula (Shang Zhong Xia Tong Yong Tong Feng Tang) + Stephania & Carthamus Combination (ShuFeng Huo Xue Tang) + Stephania & Astragalus Combination (Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang).

E.3.3. Cold (painful) “Bi”
a. Symptoms include excruciating pain in the joints, immobility, foot swelling, localized pain, no redness and local heat sensation, pain is aggravated by cold and alleviated by warmth, white tongue coat, wiry and tight pulse.
b. Treatment: warm yang, disperse cold, activate blood, dispel wind, dry damp, stop pain, and open channels.
c. Formulas
Wu Tou & Cinnamon Combination (Wu Tou Gui Zhi Tang) + Dang Gui & Astragalus Combination
(Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang) + Clematis & Stephania Combination (Shu Jing Huo Xue Tang).

E.3.4. Damp (stagnant) “Bi”
a. Symptoms include numbness, heavy sensation, and pain in the joints, localized pain and swelling, slow exacerbation, flabby tongue with teethmarks, white greasy tongue coat, soggy or slow pulse.
b. Treatment: tonify mspleen, dry dampness, warm yang, dispel wind, disperse cold, open channel.
c. Formulas
c.1. Ma Huang & Asarum Combination (Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin Tang) + Cinnamon, Hoelen & Atractylodes Combination (Gui Zhi Jia Ling Fu Zhu Tang)
c.2. Coix Combination (Yi Yi Ren Tang) or Chiang-huo & Tu-huo Combination (Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang).

E.3.5. Qi & Blood Stagnation “Bi”
a. Symptoms include swollen, painful joints, dull skin, color, dry lips, chest congestion, palpitation,
dark tongue, and choppy pulse.
b. Treatment: activate blood, relieve stagnation, mstop pain, open channels.
c. Formulas
Clematis & Stephania Combination (Shu Jing Huo Xue Tang) or Drive Out Blood Stasis from a Painful Body Decoction (Sheng Tong Zhu Yu Tang) + Stephania & Astragalus Combination (Fang
Ji Huang Qi Tang) + Dang Gui & Anemarrhena Combination (Dang Gui Nian Tong Tang).

E.3.6. Liver & Kidney Deficiency type Wind Cold Damp “Bi”
a. Symptoms include painful joints in the extremities, coldness and sore pain in the low back, numbness and immobility of the lower extremities, pain is aggravated by rainy weathers, thin white and slightly greasy tongue coat, soggy and slow, or deep and thin pulse.
b. Treatment: tonify and nourish liver and kidneys, benefit the blood and qi, dispel wind, disperse cold, dry dampness.
c. Formulas: For lower extremities
Du-huo & Loranthus Combination (Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang) or Three Painful Obstruction Decoction (San Bi Tang) + Cinnamon & Anemarrhena Combination (Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang) + Major Siler Combination (Da Fang Feng Tang).

E.3.7. Qi & Blood Deficiency type Wind Cold Damp “Bi”
a. Symptoms include sore pain in the low back and legs, numbness and trembling of the lower extremities, fatigue, shortness of breath, pale face and lips, dull pain in the joints, pale tongue, thin white tongue coat, deep and weak, or deep and thin pulse.
b. Treatment: benefit qi, nourish blood, warm and open channels.
c. Formulas
Astragalus & Cinnamon Twig Five Substance Decoction (Huang Qi Gui Zhi Wu Wu Tang) or Major Siler Combination (Da Fang Feng Tang) + Dang Gui & Anemarrhena Combination (Dang Gui Nian Tong Tang) + Coix Combination (Yi Yi Ren Tang).

E.3.8. Yin Cold Stagnation “Bi”
a. Symptoms include aversion to cold, swelling and dull pain throughout the body, swelling in the joints, no redness and local heat, numbness, clear and long stream urination, white tongue coat, slow and thin, or deep and thin pulse.
b. Treatment: warm and tonify yang, disperse cold, clear stagnation.
c. Formulas
Ma Huang & Asarum Combination (Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin Tang) + Cinnamon, Hoelen & Atractylodes Combination (Gui Zhi Jia Ling Fu Zhu Tang) + Stephania & Astragalus Combination (Fang
Ji Huang Qi Tang) or Coix Combination (Yi Yi Ren Tang)
For more information of Acute Rheumatoid Arthritis, Chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis and acupuncture treatment in TCM perspective accotding to above doctor, please visit (64).

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) by Kyle J. Norton

References
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21614474
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15130901
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15901635
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21953057
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22271069
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15338490
(7a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25374443
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22279457
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22657161
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21679443
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22321280
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20854658
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22665517
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21616040
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22347541
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693083
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20810033
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22355377
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21338325
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9263145
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21763385
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16766362
(23) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22709491
(24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17165005
(25) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22703938
(26) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22341526
(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696854
(28) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9805988
(29) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17045074
(29a) http://altmedicine.about.com/od/arthritis/a/rheumatoid.htm
(30) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068354
(31) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18820806
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21681567
(33) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316
(33a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23871988
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1771399
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877766
(36) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17115116
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20025215
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19216559
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833188
(40) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19216559
(41) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22592909
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22224301
(43) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22093738
(44) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22011457
(45) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22218160
(46) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22186621
(47) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21569399
(48) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22289215
(49) http://the-anti-aging-guide.blogspot.ca/2011/04/viii-arthritis.html
(50) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11196519
(51) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8971230
(52) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7020777
(54) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10955339
(55) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14974005
(56) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15517623
(58) “Effect of protein-xanthophylls (PX) concentrate of alfalfa supplementation on physico-chemical properties of turkey breast and thigh muscles during ageing” by Karwowska M, Stadnik J, Dolatowski ZJ, Grela ER., posted in PubMed
(59) ” The ethyl acetate extract of alfalfa sprout ameliorates disease severity of autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice” by Hong YH, Huang CJ, Wang SC, Lin BF., posted in PubMed
(60) “Ethyl acetate extracts of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) sprouts inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo” by Hong YH, Chao WW, Chen ML, Lin BF., posted in PubMed
(60) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22133028
(61) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19446580
(62) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22214823
(63) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22183124
(64) http://www.suntenglobal.com/news/img/2008%20summer.pdf

(Preview)Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine: Radix Angelica Sinensis(Dang Qui)

Diseases of Central Nervous system

Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
C.1.4. Radix angelica sinensis(Dang Qui)
Dang Qui (Angelica sinensis), a sweet, acrid, bitter, warm herb is a Genus Angelica from the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China, used as a Queen herb in traditional Chinese medicine as antispasmodic(771), analgesic(772) and vasodilatory(772) agent, and to balance the hormones(773) in women for a normal menstrual cycle and menstruation with condition of blood stasis(774)(775) and clots(775) by strengthening heart, spleen, and liver channels. The herb is also used to treat constipation(775), reduce swelling(776), expels pus(775), etc.

Phytochemicals
1. Beta-sitosterol
2. Coumarins
3. Butylidine
4. Phthalide
5. Ligustilide
6. Sesquiterpenes
7. Carvacrol
8. B-pinene
9. Camphene,
10. P-cymene,
11. B-phellandrene
12. Myrcene
13. 6-n-butyl-cycloheptadiene-1,4, 2-methyl-dodecane-5-one,
14. Acetophenone,
15. B-bisabolene,
16. Isoacroraene,
17. Acoradiene
18. Etc.

Dang qui used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(777) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to their effectiveness of phytochemicals in ameliorated amyloid pathology and related cognitive deficits(778). In aging related dementia, based on the history of use, and pharmacological investigation, dang Qui showed a strong evidence in memory improving, through iestrogen-like, cholinergic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, neurogenetic, and anti-Aβ activities(736). Palmul-chongmyeong-tang, a traditional Chinese medicine formula containing dang qui, exhibited improvement of learning and memory deficits, through reduction of loss of cholinergic immunoreactivity induced by cerebral ischemia(780).

Phthalide, a phytochemical found abundantly in dang qui, also an important bio-active constituent in Si-Wu-Tang and Fo-Shou-San, showed effectively in protect neurons against ROS-induced apoptosis by modulating apoptosis-related genes(781). Z-Ligustilide (LIG), a characterized phthalide, in rat study, exhibited anti vascular dementia and cerebrovascular insufficient activities through its antioxidant effect and improved cholinergic activity(782).

1. In cognitive impairments
In patients with cognitive impairment associated with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, dang qui prevented neurotoxic effects of β-amyloid (Aβ), through its anti oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis functions(783). It phytochemical Ligustilide (LIG), a main lipophilic component of Danggui (Chinese Angelica root, also exhibited neuroprotective effect through anti-apoptosis of neuron and anti-proliferation of astrocyte both in cortex and in hippocampus in rat study(784).

2. Oxidative stress
Oxidative stress has been known to induced neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms causes of
Alzheimer's disease (AD). Decursin (D) and decursinol angelate (DA) found in dang qui, significantly suppressed Aβ aggregation and increased cellular resistance to Aβ-induced oxidative injury in the rat study(785). Coumarins, another chemical found in from Angelica, also effectively induced neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced oxidative stress causes of cognitive deficits and brain damage(786), According to Seoul National University, 4 other new dihydropyranocoumarins were isolated from Angelica gigas roots through neuroprotective activity-guided isolation and were characterized as decursinol derivatives 4"-hydroxytigloyldecursinol (a), 4"-hydroxydecursin (b), (2"S,3"S)-epoxyangeloyldecursinol (c), and (2"R,3"R)-epoxyangeloyldecursinol (d), also exhibited significant protective activity against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity(787). In transgenic mice model, traditional Chinese herbal formula Jangwonhwan (LMK03-Jangwonhwan), containing dang qui, improved cognitive impairment through detection and inhibition of AD-like pathology,such as cytotoxicity and Abeta(1-42)and Abeta(1-40) levels and beta-amyloid plaque deposition(788)

3. Behavioral and psychological symptoms
In behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia patients, combination of ferulic acid and Angelica archangelica extract oral administartion,significantly attenuated neuropsychiatric symtopms in 19 of 20 patients, including delusions, hallucinations, agitation/aggression, anxiety, apathy/indifference, irritability/lability and aberrant behavior, according to National Hospital Organization Kikuchi Hospital(789). Yokukansan, also known as TJ-54, composed of seven herbs, including dang qui, showed to inhibit a variety of effects on various neurological symptoms, such as memory disturbance and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia(791) without adverse effects(790), probably through its neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity(792). In ischemic brain tissue, Z-Ligustilide (LIG), a phytochemical found in dang qui, oral administration of 10 or 40 mg/kg/day, significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels and increased superoxide dismutase activity, probably through its antioxidant effect in improved cholinergic activity(793), anti-apoptosis of neuron and anti-proliferation of astrocyte both in cortex, hippocampus(794) and ameliorated cognitive dysfunction(795) in 2VO rats study.

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton
References
(*) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/692621/
(771) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24521480
(772) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21315572
(773) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23746954
(774) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16124612
(775) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3174116/
(776) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22700248
(777) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22303969
(778) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25386946
(779) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21808655
(780) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17268076
(781) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110895
(782) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17889286
(783) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23937197
(784) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23022689
(785) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21389625
(786) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17637179
(787) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15679317
(788) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20669372
(789) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21272180
(790) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20812276
(791) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19801831
(792) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19409210
(793) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17889286
(794) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23022689
(795) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17889286

The best recipe for Diabetes: A sauce for Asparagus and Artichokes

Wednesday, 28 January 2015

(Preview) Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Osteoarthritis

Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way

If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way

By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoporosis is condition of thinning of bone and bone tissues as a result of the loss of bone density over a long period of time.

I. Symptoms
1. Lower back pain, as a result of fractured or collapsed vertebra
People with Osteoporosis are susceptible to lower back pain than those without osteoporosis, according to a cross-sectional study, conducted from October 2002 to March 2003 to gather data from 24,435 adults aged 20 years and older selected randomly from Taiwan’s general population. The Osteoporosis rate of frequent low back pain in association with osteoporosis in men and women were 5.77 and 3.49 respectively(1).

2. Loss of height over time
Vertebral fracture cause of spinal core damage is associated to significant height loss in patients with osteoporosis, according to a study of 231 men and women over the age of 65 underwent DXA scan of their spine and hip (2).
Osteoporosis patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are found to associate to excessive height loss(3).

3. A stooped posture
Postural deformity of patients with osteoporosis is associated to contributed risk factor for postural instability and falls. Spinal curvature on postural instability in patients with osteoporosis may influence lumbar kyphosis(lower back curvature) in spinal inclination(4).

4. Easy bone fracture
Easy bone fracture may be results of a gradual loss of bone density.
Intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid (5 mg) at 12 months, found that Zoledronic acid treatment was associated with a significantly reduced risk of vertebral fracture(fractures in the spine, hip and wrist), among men with osteoporosis, according to a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of randomly assigned 1199 men with primary or hypogonadism-associated osteoporosis who were 50 to 85 years of age(5).

5. Neck and low back pain
Neck and low back pain, frequent in female are prevalent and highly associated in patients with headache and osteoporosis, according to 1-year prevalence of neck pain and low back pain in the Spanish population(6).

6. Depression
Spine BMD was negative correlations between anxiety, stress, but depression was found to have a unique significant contribution to the explained variance in right and left hip BMD(7).

7. Other symptoms
Women with osteoporosis re more likely to experience certain psychosomatic, gastrointestinal and swelling and vasomotor symptoms, especially depressive symptom if compared to women in generally good health(8).
8. Etc.

II. Causes and Risk Factors
A. Causes
1. Process of wear and repair
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread degenerative disease of skeletal joints and often associated with senescence in vertebrates due to excessive or abnormal mechanical loading of weight-bearing joints, arising from heavy long-term use or specific injuries(6).
Improper repair process of injure of joints can also result of symptoms of Osteoarthritis (OA) in old age, according to TCM.

2. Nutrient deficiency
Poor nutritional conditions in early life are linked to greater prevalence of OA due the gradual deterioration of function(9).

3. Cartilage
Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue which cushions the ends of bones in your joints to allow the joints to move smoothly. If the cartilage becomes rough or wears down due to aging or damage, it can cause pain as a result of bone in the joint rubbing against another bone.

4. Etc.

B. Risk factors
1. Young Age at Diagnosis, Male Sex, and Decreased Lean Mass
According to Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul,
a. Diagnosed before attainment of puberty, were showed to have a higher prevalence of osteoporosis
b. If you are males, you are at increased risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis than females
c. Regional lean mass was significantly associated to the reduce risk of affecting the limbs
(12).

2. Adult growth hormone replacement
Adult growth hormone replacement, were identified to associated to increased risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia, according to the study by Seoul National University College of Medicine(13).

3. Aging
Risk of osteoporosis increases with age.
Bone loss occurs during the normal aging process. In women, natural menopause also effect the additional bone losses, according to the study by Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University(14).

4. Chlamydia pneumoniae
Individual presented of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA are alsp associated to both in osteoporotic bone tissue(15).

5. Race
Lactose maldigestion showed a greater affect on low bone density. Extensive lactose maldigestion among Hispanic-American and Asian-American populations may elevate the risk for osteoporosis(16).

6. Family history
According to the reported physician-diagnosed osteoporosis and family history in a representative sample of U.S., family history is associated to a significant, independent risk factor for osteoporosis in U.S. women aged>or=35 years(17).

7. Body size
Large body size is associated to the risk of the development of osteoporosis and a salutary effect on BMD in both blacks and whites, in a study of three groups of postmenopausal women: 104 healthy black women, 45 healthy white women, and 52 osteoporotic white (18).

8. Diet and lifestyle
BMD was higher in habits of alcohol drinking, green tea drinking, and physical activity and lower in those with the habits of smoking and cheese consumption, in a study of total of 632 women age > or =60 years(19).

9. Heavy alcohol intake or alcoholism
Heavy alcohol intake or alcoholism, however, frequently disrupts calcium and bone homeostasis, leading to reduce bone mineral density and increase the incidence of fragility fracture, according to the study by Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Saitama Medical School(20).

10. Smoking and lower serum IGF-I levels
A lower BMI is found in patient who are current smoking history and lower serum IGF-I levels in middle-aged Korean men(21).

11. Other risk factors
The frequency of decreased bone mineral density, low vitamin and calcium diet content and insufficiency with vitamins are found among patients suffering from chronic diseases (of cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, osteopenia and osteoporosis)(22).

III. Diagnosis According to the Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Scientific Advisory Board, Osteoporosis Society of Canada, Screening and diagnostic methods: risk-factor assessment, clinical evaluation, measurement of bone mineral density, laboratory investigations.

If you are experience certain symptom of osteoporosis, the tests which your doctor order include
1. Blood and urinary tests
The aim of the tests is to check for the bone metabolism and the progression of bone (loss) diseases.

2. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is one most common test to measure the total bone density of including spine, hip, wrist etc. with accurate result.

3. Quantitative Ultrasound and computed tomography (QCT)
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a portable and accurate technology used to evaluate bone density at the lumbar spine and hip without the use of ionizing radiation.
Computed Tomography (CT) scanner.a technology for measuring properties of bone at peripheral skeletal sites(23).
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT), which are now the standard methods for assessing osteoporosis severity and treatment efficacy(24), but in cross-sectional study of males with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO, quantitative computed tomography (QCT), High-resolution quantitative computed tomography (HRQCT)-based were more superior to DXA in discriminating between patients of differing prevalent vertebral fracture status(25).

4. Etc.

IV. Complication associated with Osteoporosis
Pain, Fractures, Vertebral, Wrist, Rib fractures are associated with Osteoporosis, according to the study of New advances in imaging osteoporosis and its complications(26)

V. The Diet
1. Green tea
Black tea polyphenol, theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TFDG) and green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are found to be a lead compounds for the treatment of bone resorption diseases, through inhibition of the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts, according to study.

2. Organic soy
Ingestion soy isoflavone extracts (not soy protein or foods containing isoflavones) supplements increased lumbar spine BMD in menopausal women, but not femoral neck, hip total, and trochanter BMD, according to study.

3. Milk thistle seeds
Silibin found abundantly in Milk thistle seeds has shown to promote bone-forming osteoblastogenesis and encumber osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro cell systems of murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages.

4. Skin and seed of grape
Resveratrol, a phytohemical of skin and seed of grape promoted spontaneous osteogenesis(bone formation) but prevented adipogenesis(adipocytes in storage of fat) in human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors, according to study.

VI. Antioxidants and Osteoporosis
Dietary and endogenous antioxidants were consistently lower in patients with osteoporosis, according to University of Perugia, leading to decrease antioxidant defenses and promoting pathogenesis of osteoporosis(32).

2. Selenium plus vitamins E and C
In rabbits study, combination of vitamins E and C given partially prevented this bone tissue destruction on the progress of osteoporosis. When combine with sodium selenite given together with vitamins E and C to the osteoporosis model rabbits, the long bone tissue of osteoporosis rabbits had almost the same structure as in normal rabbits(33).

3. Vitamin C
According to the study epidemiologic studies, correlate low vitamin C intake and genetic deletion of enzymes involved in de novo vitamin C synthesis are associated to bone loss and severe osteoporosis, respectively(34).

4. Calcium and vitamin D
Calcium supplements showed to reduce the rate of bone loss in osteoporotic patients. According to SENECA study, calcium treatment not only on bone mass but also on fracture incidence and vitamin D insufficiency is frequent in elderly populations in Europe. Supplementations with daily doses of 400-800 IU of vitamin D, given alone or in combination with calcium, are able to reverse vitamin D insufficiency, to prevent bone loss and to improve bone density in the elderly, according to University of Siena(35)
5. Etc.

VII. Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
A.1. Bisphosphonates
1. Including Alendronate (Fosamax), Risedronate (Actonel, Atelvia), Ibandronate (Boniva), Zoledronic acid (Reclast, Zometa), etc.. Bisphosphonates are antiresorptive medications widely prescribed for treatment of osteoporosis. The drugs have shown to significantly reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures(36). Higher risk patients should be treated by nonbisphosphonatefor 10 yr, have a holiday of no more than a year or two(37).

2. Side effects
a. Nausea
b. Abdominal pain
c. Difficulty swallowing
d. Rrisk of an inflamed esophagus or esophageal ulcers(38)
e. Risk of scleritis and a variety of ocular side effects(39)
f. Etc.

2. Hormone-related therapy
Hormone replacement therapy can help to maintain bone density for menopause women, but it increases
a, The risk of breast cancer and heart disease(40)
b. The risk for venous thromboembolism(41)
c. The risk of (Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers) NMSC.(42)
d. The risk of stroke(43)
e. etc.

B. In herbal medicine perspective
1. Red clover
Red clover extract (RCE) standardized to contain 40% isoflavones by weight (genistein, daidzein, biochanin A, and formononetin present as hydrolyzed aglycones) together with a modified alkaline supplementation have shown to improve OVX-induced osteoporosis while a mild metabolic alkalosis might further synergize some therapeutic aspects(44).

2. Organic soy
Soybean protein showed to promote higher rate of bone turnover in fed animals, together with enhancement of ertebral and femoral bone densities, according to nonbisphosphonate(45).

3. Soybeans, clover and alfalfa sprouts, and oilseeds (such as flaxseed)
In humans, animals, dietary phytoestrogens found in soybeans, clover and alfalfa sprouts, and oilseeds (such as flaxseed) play an important role in prevention of menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, cancer, and heart disease(46).
4. Etc.

C. In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
Osteoporosis in elder is a condition of the drop of Kidney Jing. As we age, our kidney doesn’t have the energy to nourish the bones. The weak and brittle bone can, lead to the symptoms of earaches, ringing in the ears, hearing loss, hair loss, teeth problems, knee pain and lower back pain, loss of sex drive, including osteoporosis.

1. Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang and Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae)
Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang and Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae) was the most frequently prescribed herbal formula and single herb, respectively, for the treatment of osteoporosis, according to the study by the
Department for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital(47).

2. Zuogui Pill
Zuogui Pill showed effectively in preventions and treatments of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats by up-regulating the expression of the key signal molecules inWnt signal transduction pathway(pass signals from outside of a cell through cell surface receptors to the inside of the cell)(48).

3. Embedding thread at Shenshu (BL 23)
Embedding thread at Shenshu (BL 23) was found to increase BMDs of hip and lumbar vertebrae in patinets with osteoporosis. The rate of bone fracture during 5 years after treatment was 2.1% significantly lower than 18.2% in the medication group(49).

4. Shaoyang Meridians
Foot-Shaoyang Meradians can modulate bony strength under physiological and pathological conditions, and treat osteoporosis which mainly manifests as ostealgia and easy fracture, according to Huangdi’s Internal Classic(50).

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Osteoarthritis by Kyle J. Norton

References
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7864688
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23052969
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20870048
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22896775
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19343468
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23113482
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079541
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23095987
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23149863
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20618843
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23128330
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22057549
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12699295
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23160916
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11349943
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18541176
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8422511
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17657549
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15632479
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15221500
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19348280
(23) http://www.iscd.org/visitors/pdfs/10-QuantitativeUltrasoundintheMgmtofOsteo.pdf
(24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23154276
(25) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23149277
(26) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22618377
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12679433
(33) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14677021
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23056580
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11683549
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20173017
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23137577
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14702129
(40) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20424287
(41) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19811247
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22215431
(43) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21612355
(44) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19503771
(45) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8558297
(46) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9240932
(47) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23093986
(48) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21977807
(49) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20568431
(50) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18630551

Pages

Saturday, 31 January 2015

Diseases of Central Nervous system

Dementia

Friday, 30 January 2015

Diseases of Central Nervous system

Dementia

Thursday, 29 January 2015

Diseases of Central Nervous system

Dementia

Wednesday, 28 January 2015